有机质对多环芳烃环境行为影响的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)的归宿和毒性受其环境行为的影响,主要取决于环境中各个因素的交互作用,而有机质是相当重要的因素,有机质对环境中PAHs的物理化学行为、生物过程均有一定的影响。本文着重介绍了有机质对水体、土壤和沉积物中PAHs的吸附、溶解和迁移以及生物可利用性和毒性等方面的影响,总结了离子强度、pH、表面活性剂、时间等影响有机质与PAHs作用的因素,同时简要介绍了土壤和沉积物中结合残留态PAHs的研究情况,指出结合残留态PAHs现有的研究方法有热解法和同位素标记法,最后提出系统地研究内源有机质(尤其碳黑和腐殖酸)的组成、性质与土壤PAHs的锁定与降解的关系和利用外源有机物强化修复污染的环境是今后研究的重点。

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MATTER ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Fate and toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are influenced by their environmental behaviors and interactions between environmental factors, among which organic matter is the most important factor, affecting physio-chemical behaviors and biological processes of PAHs. This paper reviews current progresses in the research on effects of organic matter on sorption, solubility, transport, bioavailability and toxicity of PAHs in waters, soils and sediments. The paper summarizes that ion intensity, pH, surfactant, and time are the main influencing factors on interaction between organic matter and PAHs and at the same time briefly introduces research on PAHs bound residues in soils and sediments and available methodologies, such as carbon isotope method and pyrolysis method for the research. Sequestration and biodegradation of PAHs in soils in relation to composition and character of native organic matter (especially carbon black and humic acids), and enhanced bioremediation of PAHs contaminated environment with exogenous organic substances should be further studied in the future.