春夏秋播种季节条件下大豆生育期遗传的差异表现

 以不同生育期特性的6个品种间7个杂交组合为材料，在南京春、夏和秋季分期播种条件下，研究生育期性状遗传在不同播季环境下的差异反应。试验表明同一组合的遗传基础，生育期性状随播季环境不同而表现出主基因、多基因或两者共同作用的遗传；组合与播季存在互作，主基因作用的表达与春播环境有关。并讨论了产生遗传表现差异的原因，认为采用南京春、夏和秋季分期播种是选育广泛适应性品种的途径。

DIFFERENTIAL INHERI TANCE OF GROWTH PERLOD TRAITS UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING SEASONS IN SOYBEAN

Based on the successive F1-F5gcnerations of seven crosses among six cultivars with different growth period traits (GPT),the experiment was designed with three planting types,i.e. spring, summer and autumn,which, in fact,provided different photoperiods and temperatures to simulate the growth conditions in 1988 and 1989,to investigate the inheritance of GPT in the three seasons. The results showed that the behavior of genes affecting DPF (the days from planting to flowering) or DFM (the results showed flowering to maturity) varied with planting seasons.One major gene with a partial dorminance for early flowering and minor genes affecting DPF were identified only in two crosses in spring planting.DFM was inferred to be controlled by several major genes and minor genes in the most crosses in spring planting.In all of the crosses, the genes affecting DPF or DFM tend to be quantitatively inherited in summer and autumn plantings.Therefore,the expression of genes affecting DPF or DFM was considered to be related with crosses and planting seasons.DPM(the days from planting to maturity)also occured to be conditioned by several major genes and minor genes in spring planting, by minor genes in the summer and autumn,since DPM simply equalled DPF plus DFM. The genetic variations and additive effects of GPT were showed to be reduced as planting was delayed, especially those of DFM or DPM.In addition,the reasons for the differential inheritance in the same crosses under the three planting seasons were also discussed.It is suggested that spring, summer,autumn plantings in Nanjing and the disruptive seasonal selection could be used as an approach in the breeding for wide adaptability.