人工合成六倍体小麦在黄淮麦区育种中的利用性评价

为了解人工合成六倍体小麦（synthetic hexaploid wheat,SHW）在黄淮麦区育种改良中的应用价值,利用从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进的5份SHW与普通小麦驻麦305进行杂交、回交,对亲本及BC₂群体的主要农艺性状、产量相关指标和籽粒品质进行调查分析。结果表明,与普通小麦相比,SHW的株高、小穗数、穗粒数、收获系数和千粒重等是其不利性状,但具有较多的分蘖。SHW的纤维含量、面筋含量、蛋白含量和硬度都比驻麦305高（PAAAAA0.05）。BC₂的收获系数较SHW显著提升,其产量虽然比SHW有了较大幅度提升,但仍显著低于普通小麦。BC₂的蛋白质和面筋含量相对于普通小麦亲本显著提升,其中仅2018-2019年的BC₂-SHW1和BC₂-SHW2群体未达显著水平。这表明5份SHW可作为重要的品质改良资源应用于小麦育种中。

Evaluation the Breeding Utilizability of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat in Huang-Huai Area

To reveal the application value of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) in breeding program in Huang-Huai area, five SHWs introduced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were used to backcross with common wheat Zhumai 305, main agronomic traits, yield relative traits and grain quality were investigated in the parents and BC₂ populations. The results showed that plant height, spikelet number, grain number per spike, harvest index and 1000-seed weight were unfavorable traits for SHW compared with common wheat, but SHW produced more tillers. The fibre content, gluten content, protein content and hardness of SHW were higher than those of Zhumai 305 (P > 0.05). The harvest index of BC₂ was significantly higher than that of SHW, the yield of BC₂ was significantly lower than that of common wheat, while significantly higher than that of SHW. The protein and gluten contents of BC₂ were significantly increased compared with those of common wheat parent, and only BC₂-SHW1 and BC₂-SHW2 populations of 2018-2019 did not reach the significant level. These results indicated that the five SHWs could be used as important quality improvement germplasms in wheat breeding program.