云南切梢小蠹的室内饲养及隐蔽期生活习性的观察方法

云南切梢小蠹(Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli)是云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franchet)的主要害虫之一[1],该虫于20世纪80年代首次在滇中地区大面积危害,以后蔓延至云南省15个州(市)65个县,迄今已导致6万多公顷云南松林死亡[2-5].2008年以前,该虫曾经长期被认为是纵坑切梢小蠹(Tomicus piniperda L.)[1].与大多数小蠹相似,云南切梢小蠹钻蛀在树皮与边材之间,终生潜伏生活,只有新成虫羽化后的短暂时间飞离树身,在林中活动、觅食、交配,另筑坑道入侵新寄主[6-7].

Artificial Rearing and Living Habits Observation in the Latent Phase of Pine Shoot Beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis

The pine shoot beetle Tomicus yunnanensis (Kirkendall and Faccoli) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one of the main pests of pine forest in southwest China. Its life cycle involves reproduction in the phloem of trucks or larger brunches of dead or weakened trees, followed by a long maturation feeding by callow adult in shoots of healthy trees which often cause massive tree death. A simple and practical method for rearing T. yunnanensis was set up using host timber segments and artificial pupal cells by continuous rearing works within past four years. Then its experimental population was established in laboratory and the living habits during the latent phase were observed using this new rearing method. The results show that it completes three generations in one year under laboratory condition in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The mean time of each generation is 101 days, and the mean survival rate is 92.4%. A mating female begins to oviposit after 6 days and may last 122 days. The average oviposition number is 429 per female in its life time. The method is easy to operate and may provide effective approaches for getting standard experimental insects for further research.