水稻粳爪交杂种优势和配合力研究

以３个粳型光敏核不育系、１个保持系为母本，以３个粳型、４个偏粳型、１个籼型恢复系或广亲和系为父本，按ＮＣⅡ设计配组３２个Ｆ１杂种，以汕优６３为对照，采用程氏指数分类法对１２个亲本分类。研究了播始历期、株高、穗长及产量因素等８个性状的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明：Ｆ１每穗总粒数的优势最强，中亲优势１．０９％～１０７．８６％，平均３３．４６％，竞争优势－１７．０９％～８２．７０％；单株产量竞争优势－３６．８２％～３３．５８％，平均－２．３８％；而结实率的竞争优势仅３个组合为正向，变幅为－２３．４７％～３．４１％，平均为－７．４４％；杂种播始历期、株高、穗长、有效穗４个性状中亲优势和竞争优势都表现为粳×粳＜粳×偏粳＜粳×籼，每穗总粒数的中亲优势也表现为上述趋势，而竞争优势则是粳×粳＜粳×籼＜粳×偏粳；这５个性状的中亲优势和竞争优势都很明显。父本变量对杂种抽穗期、株高、穗长、有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率及产量的影响大于母本和互作变量。母本变量对千粒重的影响大于父本和互作变量的总和。光敏核不育系４００８Ｓ和恢复系培矮６４、广亲和系ＹＨ１０１具有较好的产量一般配合力，产量特殊配合力最好的是８０－４Ｂ／ＹＨ１０１，其次是８０?

Study on the Heterosis and Combining Ability of Hybrid Rice between Japonica and Javanica

Three japonica photosensitive male sterile (MS) lines,one B line and three japonica,four japonicalinous ,one indica R lines or wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) were mated to thirty two F1 hybrids according to NC Ⅱdesign. F1,parents and CK “Shanyou 63”were grown in Hefei as midseason rice in 1995,in three replications of a randomized block design. Twelve parents were classified by Chengs index.The heterosis and combining abilities of eight characters i.e. days to head ,plant height,panicle length and yield components were statistically estimated. Results showed that F1 hybrid between japonica and japonicalinous or japonica and indica had a higher yield potential with larger panicle and more spiklets .Relative heterosis (RH) and standard heterosis (SH) of spikelets per panicle ranged from -1.09% to 107.86% and -17.09% to 82.70% respectively.All thirty two hybrids yielded more than CK with a mean yield increase of -2.38%,ranged from -36.82% to 33.58%. SH of seed setting rate ranged from -23.82% to 3.41%(mean -7.44%).RH and SH of four Characters i.e. days to head,plant height ,panicle length adn effective tillers were K×K,K×K,K×H;RH of spikelets per panicle were K×K,K×K',K×H too,but SH of spikelets per panicle were K×K,K×H,K×Kform low to high successively.Their RH and SH were clear.The effect of males on seven characters i.e. days to head,plant,height,panicle length ,effective tillers,grains per panicle ,seed setting rate and grain yield was greater than femals and interactions. The effect of femals on 1 000 grain weight was greater than the sum of males and interactions .Japonica MS line 4008S,indica R-line PA64 and japonicalinous WCV YH101 had higher gca value of grain yield.Hybrid with higher sca value of grain yield was 80 4B/YH101 ,80-4B/02428 and 4008S/HP214.