土壤孔隙结构与土壤微环境和有机碳周转关系的研究进展

土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。

Advances in Research on Relationships Between Soil Pore Structure and Soil Miocroenvironment and Organic Carbon Turnover

Soil structure is the foundation of soil function, which not only affects the processes of soil nutrient supply, water retention and infiltration, gas exchange, but also provides the physical habitats for soil microorganisms and regulates the key process of organic carbon turnover. The pore characteristics of soil can directly and truthfully reflect the quality of soil structure, and they can better reflect the regulating effect of soil structure on these processes. On this basis, quantitative analysis of the highly heterogeneous soil pore structure and the changes of soil microenvironment and the turnover process of soil organic carbon is essential to further understand the function of soil structure in soil ecosystem. Therefore, this paper focuses on the influence of soil pore structure on soil microenvironment and its relationship with organic carbon, analyzes the response process of soil microenvironment under the regulation of soil pore structure, expounds the direct and indirect effects of soil pore structure on soil organic carbon turnover, emphasizes the important role of soil pore in regulating soil organic carbon turnover process. Finally this paper prospects the research on soil pore structure in regulating the soil organic carbon cycle, the decomposition of plant residues and its coordination with microorganisms and so on.