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Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers |
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| Authors: | Richard M. Engeman Richard M. Anthony Victor G. Barnes Jr Heather W. Krupa James Evans |
| Affiliation: | a USDA/APHIS, National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA b USDI/BRD, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center, 1011 E. Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA c USDI/BRD, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, 1390 Buskin River Rd, Kodiak, AK 99615, USA d USDA/APHIS, National Wildlife Research Center, 9701 Blomberg St. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-5623, USA |
| Abstract: | A 5-yr study was conducted on national forests in Idaho and Oregon to evaluate how doubling the seedling stocking rate of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) would relate to 5-year survival and the uniformity of distribution of seedlings in the presence of northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) damage. Either 4 or 8 seedlings were planted in 40-m2 subplots (1000 or 2000 seedlings/ha) and monitored for gopher damage. We found that the number of seedlings attacked by gophers, and consequently, the number of seedlings surviving for 5 years, were directly proportional to the stocking rate, but the consistency of seedling distribution within each site (as measured by the proportion of 40-m2 subplots with ≥ 2 surviving seedlings) did not double with stocking rate. In some situations, increasing the stocking rate should be considered as a method for overcoming pocket gopher damage. |
| Keywords: | animal damage non-lethal control reforestation stocking rates Thomomys |
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