玉米大豆间作对玉米主要病虫害发生及其产量的影响

为明确玉米大豆间作模式对玉米主要病虫害发生及其产量的影响，利用2017—2018年2年的田间小区试验及2019年的大田试验，在作物生长期对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis、东方黏虫 Mythimna seperata和玉米大斑病等主要病虫害发生情况进行调查和统计分析，并于收获期对间作作物产量进行测定。结果显示：与单作玉米相比，以被害株率、百株蛀孔数和百株活虫数为指标，玉米大豆间作对1代亚洲玉米螟种群数量和为害程度无显著影响，但能够显著降低2代亚洲玉米螟虫口数量和为害程度；且玉米大豆间作对东方黏虫为害株率和百株活虫数以及玉米大斑病的病情指数均无显著影响。与单作玉米相比，玉米大豆间作模式下玉米百粒重虽然降低，但玉米单位面积产量能够提高9.95%以上。表明玉米大豆间作能够显著降低2代亚洲玉米螟为害，并提高单位面积玉米产量。

Effects of maize-soybean intercropping on the occurrence of major diseases, insect pests and the yield of maize

To clarify the effects of the maize and soybean intercropping on maize yield and the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests, field plot experiments from 2017 to 2018 and field experiments in 2019 were conducted to investigate and statistically analyze the occurrence of important pests such as Asiatic corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, oriental armyworm Mythimna seperata and corn leaf blight during the crop-growing period, and the maize yield was determined during the harvest period. The parameters such as the rate of damaged plants, the number of wormholes per 100 plants and the number of live insects per 100 plants were also determined. The results showed that, compared with maize monoculture, the intercropping of maize with soybean had no significant effect on the population size and the damage of the first generation of O. furnacalis, but significantly reduced the population size and the damage of the second generation of O. furnacalis. Meanwhile, there was no difference in the parameters, including the rate of damaged plants and the number of live insects per 100 plants caused by the M. seperata, and in the disease index of the corn leaf blight between different intercropping patterns and maize monoculture. Compared to the maize monoculture, the 100-grain weight of maize decreased under the maize-soybean intercropping pattern, while the maize yield per unit area increased by more than 9.95%. In conclusion, the maize-soybean intercropping can increase maize yield per unit area and significantly reduce the damage of the second-generation O. furnacalis.