淡水电捕鱼工具性能研究与作用半径评估

[目的]了解我国电捕鱼工具使用现状,为国家制订渔业资源保护政策与导向提供科学依据.[方法]采用实地收集鱼具,测定电捕鱼工具可击昏鱼的作用范围、输出电压、波形,分析该类工具在性能上的演变,评价电捕鱼工具对水生资源的影响.[结果]现有电捕鱼工具以脉冲输出为主,直流输出为辅,没有收集到交流输出样品.现有电捕鱼工具的平均输出电压是1975年的1.6倍、1959年的3.0倍,平均击昏作用距离是是1975年的1.3倍,1959年的1.7倍;个别工具的输出电压达到1975年的4.3倍,1959年的8.0倍;可击昏作用半径达到1975年的2.3倍及1959年的2.9倍.研究结果还表明现有的电捕鱼工具通过提升输出电压、改为脉冲输出等方法,提升捕鱼效率、扩大作业范围,会引发鱼等水生生物资源的加速消亡.[结论]该试验分析方法及作用半径的评估方法,可用于电捕鱼工具对水生资源影响的评估,有利于推进我国农牧水产行业的可持续健康发展.

Electrical Properties Study and Scope Evaluation of Electric Fishing Tools in Fresh Water

[Objective] To study the utilization status of electric fishing tools in China,and provide scientific basis for policy-making and guidance of fishery protection.[Method] The scope of immobilized fish with electric fishing tools,output voltage,wave form were determined,evolution of the tools performance was analyzed,effects of electric fishing tools on aquatic resource were evaluated.[Result] It was indicated most of them had strong effects by outputting pulsed waveforms,only two of them outputting DC waveforms with low voltage values,none of them was found outputting AC waveform in now days.In the result of voltage values was showed,the most powerful sample reached 4.3 times and 8.0 times corresponding with them acted in 1975 and 1959.While in the result of average voltage values was showed,they were 1.6 times and 3.0 times than they was in 1975 and 1959.Kelieyier electric field formula was used to calculate the immobilized range.In the result of range was showed the most powerful one was 2.3 times and 2.9 times than they acted in 1975 and 1959.It was indicated that in now days,the electric fishing tools improved fishing efficiency,expauded the fishing range by the way of enhancing the output voltage,changing to pulse output mode.While what worries us is this will cause more consumption on aquatic biological resources like fishes.[Conclusion] Test methods in this study,the role of the radius of assessment methods and the resulting data can be used for aquatic resource evaluating values,will help promote the sustainable and healthy development of China＇ s agriculture and animal husbandry aquaculture industry.