Accelerated transformation of aldicarb,oxamyl and ethoprophos after repeated soil treatments |
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| Institution: | 1. Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain;2. Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004, Ourense, Spain;3. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003, Girona, Spain;1. Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;2. Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa;3. Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 3739, Somerset West 7129, South Africa;4. Evonik Industries AG, Goldschmidtstraße 100, 45127 Essen, Germany;1. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites Manufacturing Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China;1. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario (IIAA), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain;2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150 Malaysia;3. Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150 Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Distribution and transformation of the nematicides aldicarb, oxamyl and ethoprophos was measured on annually treated plots and plots not previously treated on two potato fields. This trial plan was chosen because the effect of the nematicides decreased in the annually treated plots on these fields. In the field, the contents of the nematicides decreased more rapidly in soil of the annually treated plots than in the untreated ones. This rapid disappearance of the active compounds was found to be the cause of the decreased nematode control on the annually treated plots. The considerably more rapid transformation of the nematicides in treated soils than in untreated ones was also measured in incubation tests at 15°C. Sterilization of the treated soils drastically reduced the rates of disappearance. The repeated applications of the nematicides must have induced microbial adaptation, which resulted in accelerated transformation. The carbamoyloximes aldicarb and oxamyl were transformed at about the same rates in previously untreated soils and in soils from plots previously treated with ethoprophos. However, oxamyl was transformed very rapidly in soil previously treated with aldicarb and also aldicarb in soil previously treated with oxamyl: this indicates that cross-adaptation occurred for the two carbamoyloximes. |
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