我国天然云冷杉针阔混交林结构特征、更新特点及经营管理

天然云冷杉林是世界主要森林类型之一, 具有重要的生态、经济和社会效益。探明天然云冷杉林结构特点和演替规律, 制定科学的经营管理措施, 因地制宜地合理经营云冷杉林意义深远而迫切。文中概述了我国天然云冷杉林的分布、结构和更新演替特征, 分析了经营管理现状及存在的问题, 并提出建议:1)对禁伐区内的云冷杉林分, 坚决杜绝一切采伐活动; 对限伐区要严格控制采伐强度, 一般控制在伐前蓄积量的15%以内; 对商品林经营区可按每公顷蓄积量的大小确定适宜采伐强度, 并按照林分特点进行经营, 做到科学择伐。2)对林地草本植被密集、灌木覆盖度不大、采伐迹地上有种源条件的进行封育、栽植或补植, 人工促进天然更新。3)建立秦岭冷杉、大果青杄、元宝山冷杉等珍稀濒危物种自然保护区和科学试验站, 积极开展就地保护, 减少人为破坏。4)适时采种, 就地建立苗圃, 开展育苗造林, 扩大人工种群, 促进天然更新。

A Review of Studies on Structural Features, Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world, and also has huge ecological, economic and social benefits. According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest, it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions. The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest, and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management. The following recommendations were eventually made: 1) In no cutting area, all logging activities should be banned. In a restricted cutting area, the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15% of the stock volume before cutting. On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare, determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest, to ensure the scientific selective cutting. 2) Closure for afforestation, planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land, sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash, in order to accelerate natural regeneration. 3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species, such as Abies chensiensis, Picea neoveitchii, Abies yuanbaoshanensis, to reduce human destruction. 4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time, establish nursery, actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.