生态供需规律探析

文中首先辨析"可持续"和"可持续发展"2个不同概念; 提出了生态需求和生态供给的概念, 认为生态需求分为公共生态需求和私人生态需求, 生态供给分为公共生态供给和私人生态供给; 分析了生态需求和生态供给的变动规律, 认为其各自分别有量的变动以及生态需求或供给的变动2种情况; 讨论了生态供求平衡的规律, 包括生态供求变化的基本趋势和生态供求平衡的调整; 最后指出:1)满足私人生态需求必须依靠以私人投入为主、政府投入为辅的市场调节机制, 满足公共生态需求则必须依靠以政府投入为主、私人投入为辅来实现; 2)增加生态供给有外延扩张和内涵扩展2种形式, 努力提高生态经济产品的价值内涵是扩大生态产品有效供给的正确选择。

Discussion on Ecological Supply-Demand Law

The paper firstly shed light on the two definitions of sustainability and sustainable development and defined the concepts of ecological demand and ecological supply. It was proposed that ecological demand could be divided into public and personal ecological demands while ecological supply is composed of public and personal ecological supply. The change law of ecological demand and supply was analyzed and it was held that both ecological demand and supply may change quantitatively and there are two kinds of changes in the supply and demand. The ecological demand-supply balance was discussed with regard to the basic change trend of ecological supply and demand and the adjustment of ecological supply-demand balance. It was finally pointed out: 1) Meeting personal ecological demand relies on the market adjustment mechanism predominated by personal input and supplemented by governmental input, while public ecological demand can be satisfied by governmental input as the priority and private input as the supplementary source; and 2) There are 2 ways to increase ecological supply, i.e., external expansion and internal expansion, and raising the value of ecological economic products is the right choice to increase the effective supply of ecological products.