贵州省酒用高粱种植的气候适宜性分析

为给贵州的酒用高粱种植农业规划提供参考,从农业气候统计学角度,应用最小二乘法、相关分析、逐步回归方法,对贵州酒用高粱进行气候适宜性种植区划,确定高粱气候关键期、生育期气候指标以及影响高粱产量的气候关键因子。结果表明:当10日平均气温稳定在10~12℃时,适宜高粱播种育苗;在积温达2 700~2 900℃时,适宜高粱移栽—成熟期的生长需要;从播种到成熟期的总日照时数与单产呈显著正相关性,日照越多单产越高;从播种至成熟(4—8月)需降水量在650mm以上才能满足高粱生产的需求。针对贵州气候因子,在GIS平台上利用空间分析技术,绘制贵州酒用高粱种植气候适宜性区划图显示,全省除西北部地区由于热量条件不够,不适宜种植高粱外,大部地区气候条件均适宜种植;最适宜高粱种植区域大部分分布在贵州省的北部、中部和东部地区。

Climatic Suitability of Wine-making Sorghum in Guizhou

The climatic suitable cultivation planning of wine-making sorghum,the key period of climate,climatic indexes of sorghum growth period and the key climatic factors to influence sorghum yield were determined by the least square method,correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis from the angle of agroclimate statistics to provide a reference for agricultural planning of wine-making sorghum in Guizhou.Results:The suitable temperature for sowing and seedling raising of sorghum is 10～12℃ of 10-day average temperature.The suitable accumulation temperature for sorghum growth during transplanting-maturity period is 2 700～ 2 900℃.Total sunshine duration during sowing ～ maturity is positively and significantly correlated to per unit area yield of sorghum and the sorghum yield increases with increase of sunshine duration.The more than 650 mm precipitation during sowing ～ maturity (from April to August) can meet the demand of sorghum production.The climatic suitable planning of winemaking sorghum established by GIS spatial analysis technology according to the climate factor in Guizhou shows the climatic condition of most regions is suitable for sorghum growth except northwest region.The optimum regions for sorghum cultivation distribute Northern,Central and Eastern,Guizhou mainly.