渭南市草地节肢动物群落组成与多样性特征

为丰富暖温带季风气候下草地生态系统土壤动物多样性的基础资料以及为草地生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学依据,采取网捕、人工捕捉等对陕西关中平原东部渭南市草地节肢动物的多样性进行调查与鉴定。结果表明:调查区域内共采集到节肢动物803只,隶属于5纲13目46科61种;以昆虫纲的物种数量最多,占整个生境物种数量的70.24%;以物种种类数计算得知,各目包含的种数在整个生境节肢动物总种数中的占比依次为膜翅目11.48%、鳞翅目16.39%、双翅目14.75%、半翅目13.11%、蜘蛛目11.48%、鞘翅目21.31%,其他各目均只有1种物种;按照节肢动物对作物的保护或为害特性划分,调查区域内的节肢动物可划分为捕食性天敌、中性害虫和害虫,其中,中性害虫多样性指数和均匀度指数高,物种较为丰富。

Community Composition and Diversity Characteristics of Grassland Arthropod in Weinan City

The diversity of grassland arthropod in Weinan City,Shaanxi was investigated and identified by net trap and artificial capture to enrich the basic data about soil animal diversity of grassland ecosystem under warm temperate monsoon climate and provide the scientific basis for protection and restoration of grassland ecosystem.Results:803 arthropods collected from the investigation area belong to 61 species,46 families,13 orders and 5 classes.The species number of insect class accounts for 70.24％ of total species amount.The species number of Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera,Diptera,Hemiptera,Araneae and Coleoptera accounts for 11.48％,16.39％,14.75％,13.11％,11.48％ and 21.31％ of total species amount of arthropod respectively and other each order has one species only.The arthropods in the investigation area can be divided into three groups of predator natural enemy,neutral insect pest and insect pest.The adversity and evenness index of neutral insect pest group is higher than predator natural enemy and insect pest groups,which indicates that the species of neutral insect pest group is abundant relatively.