不同覆盖材料对幼龄橡胶树生长及其土壤性状的影响

为筛选出适合幼龄橡胶园覆盖的材料,以裸地为对照,采用生物材料(厚度分别为3 cm、2 cm、1 cm)、秸秆和薄膜进行2年覆盖,测定土壤温度、水分、养分及橡胶树的株高和茎粗生长量.结果表明:薄膜覆盖与裸地的土壤温度无显著差异,生物材料覆盖和秸秆覆盖在土层5 cm、20 cm处土壤温度显著低于裸地对照;各处理间含水量差异不明显,其中以1 cm生物材料覆盖最好;秸秆覆盖的土壤各养分含量相对较高;秸秆覆盖和1 cm生物材料覆盖橡胶树的株高和茎粗增加量较大,薄膜覆盖的增加量相对较少.秸秆可在幼龄橡胶园中大力推广应用,1 cm生物材料可作为新型覆盖替代物逐步推广,薄膜覆盖不宜推广使用.

Effects of Different Mulching Material on Immature Rubber Growth and Soil Properties

Effects of different mulching methods on soil temperature, moisture, nutrient and growth of rubber plantation were discussed in order to screen optimum cover material in immature rubber plantation.Five kinds of mulching method, including 3 cm biological material mulch, 2 cm biological material mulch, 1 cm biological material mulch, straw mulch and plastic film mulch in immature rubber plantation by using no film mulching as the control.The soil temperature, moisture and nutrient, and plant height and stem of rubber plantation diameter were measured.Results: Soil temperature of plastic mulch and the control are not significantly different, biological material mulch (3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm) and straw mulch are significantly lower than the control on the 5 cm and 20 cm soil layer.Each treatment had no significant difference in soil water content, 1 cm biological material mulch is of relatively high.Soil nutrients contents of straw mulch is relatively high.The plant height and stem girth of rubber plantation of straw mulch and 1 cm biological material mulch are of huge increments, which of plastic film mulch is relatively low.Straw mulch could be vigorously generalized in immature rubber plantation.The 1 cm biological material mulch could be popularized gradually as a new kind of material mulch.The plastic film mulch should not be used.