不同耕作施肥方式对旱地小麦生长发育及产量的影响

为旱地小麦施肥提供依据,以旱地小麦品种青麦6号为试验材料,设置种肥同施(施肥深度约为10cm)、撒施+旋耕(通过旋耕机械混施于20cm土层中)、撒施+翻耕(通过翻耕将肥料翻至25cm左右土层中)和撒施+深耕(用深耕机深耕1次,肥料随土壤翻动落致35cm左右土层中)等4个施肥试验,按纯氮180kg/hm~2、纯磷120kg/hm~2和纯钾105kg/hm~2标准施肥,肥料随播种或不同耕作处理方式一次性施入土壤中,研究其对冬小麦的根系活力、干物质转移、产量等指标的影响。结果表明:不同耕作施肥方式对旱地小麦生长及产量影响较大,其中以撒施+深耕的效果最好,有利于小麦根系下扎,中后期根系活力更强,产量更多来自于花后干物质积累转移,千粒重和穗粒数增加,产量高达7 945.18kg/hm~2,分别比种肥同施、撒施+旋耕和撒施+翻耕处理高8.44%、3.95%和2.53%。

Effects of Different Tillage and Fertilization Patterns on Growing Development and Yield of Upland Wheat

The root activity,dry matter transfer and yield of Qingmai 6 were determined under four tillage and fertilization patterns of applying seed and fertilizer at the same time,broadcasting fertilizer +rotary tillage,broadcasting fertilizer + tillage and broadcasting fertilizer + deep tillage according to the standard of 180 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen,120 kg/hm2pure phosphorus and 105 kg/hm2pure potassium at once to provide the scientific basis for fertilization of upland wheat.Results:Different tillage and fertilization patterns have a great influence on growing development and yield of upland wheat and the broadcasting + deep tillage pattern has the best effect among four tillage and fertilization patterns.The broadcasting + deep tillage pattern benefits deep growth of wheat roots and improves root activity of upland wheat at the middle and later growth period.The yield depends on accumulation and transfer of dry matter,which results in increase of 1 000-grain weight and grain number per ear.The yield of upland wheat under the broadcasting + deep tillage pattern is up to 7 945.18 kg/hm2,8.44％,3.95％ and 2.53％ higher than applying seed and fertilizer at the same time pattern,broadcasting fertilizer + rotary tillage pattern and broadcasting fertilizer + tillage pattern respectively.