蓝莓泌蜜动态及中华蜜蜂的授粉效果

为探明蓝莓的泌蜜动态及中华蜜蜂在蓝莓授粉上的推广应用提供参考,选取奥尼尔、布里吉塔2个蓝莓品种测定其花期不同时段的泌蜜量及花蜜糖浓度;捕捉蓝莓地里和蜂巢门口出勤蜂,测其蜜囊里花蜜的浓度;收集花粉团,计算蓝莓花粉的比例;统计盗蜜和授粉后的坐果率。结果表明:蓝莓花期为28~31d,单花期为8d;整个单花期内奥尼尔、布里吉塔的泌蜜总量分别为23.5μL和23μL,糖浓度分别为18%和19.6%,累积花蜜最高糖浓度分别为40.2%和52.8%;田间蜜蜂蜜囊与巢门口出勤蜂蜜囊的花蜜糖浓度差异明显,采集蓝莓花粉的比例不高;蓝莓花期蜜蜂盗蜜可提高坐果率,利用蜜蜂授粉的坐果率为76.38%,比自花授粉高26.88百分点。利用蜜蜂授粉不仅可以提高蓝莓的坐果率,还可以收获丰厚的蜂产品,其利用价值较高。

Dynamics of Blueberry Nectar Secretion and Pollination by Apis cerana

In order to explore the dynamics of blueberry nectar and the application of A.cerana on blueberry pollination,two kinds of blueberry varieties,O'Neil and Brigitta,were employed to determine the nectar volume and nectar concentration in different periods of flowering,collect pollen,calculate the proportion of blueberry pollen;count honey stolen and the fruit setting rate.Results:Blueberry flowering time lasts for 28～31 days,single flowering period lasts for eight days.The nectar contents of the two blueberry varieties were 23.5 μL and 23 μL respectively;Nectar concentrations were 18％ and 19.6％,respectively;and the highest accumulated nectar concentrations were 40.2％ and 52.8％,respectively.Nectar concentration of work bees honey sac was of significant difference between field and the beehive entrance (P＜0.05).The percentage of blueberries pollen by bees was not high.Nectar robbing in blueberry flowering period can improve fruit setting rate,take advantage of bee pollination the fruit setting rate reached 76.38％,higher than self-pollination by 26.88 percents.Bee pollination not only can improve the blueberry fruit setting rate,but also can harvest bee products and hold the higher use value.