农业工程与中国农业现代化相互关系分析

农业工程是中国农业现代化的重要技术支撑和物质保障,农业工程技术进步与农业现代化发展的相关度越来越高。在加快推进"工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化"同步发展的新要求下,农业现代化面对的是一个更加复杂的社会巨系统,其复杂性、动态性、开放性和异质性不断增加。农业工程作为农业现代化发展的核心要素,已不能仅靠本系统的力量孤立发展,而需在农业现代化这一更高层次系统的剧变中发现自身与系统中其他构成因素的关系和相互作用规律,从而更好发挥自身作用,实现与农业现代化的互动共赢。该文以"中国特色现代农业建设路径研究"为基础,综合利用有组织系统和先进生产力构建的理论、工具、方法,通过分析中国农业现代化的系统目标、系统构成以及农业工程在系统中的地位、作用和与其他要素、结构、环境的关系,从而获得农业工程发展的数量、质量、运动量、结构对中国农业现代化发展质量和速度的影响。研究表明,农业工程受现代农业发展环境、要素影响较大,而农业工程则对中国农业现代化的发展结构,特别是劳动力、土地、产品的结构产生显著影响并表现出许多同向性,因此农业工程可以通过主动发展、协同发展来加快现代农业发展方式的转变,并为农业工程自身的发展带来更好的发展环境和更多的发展机遇。

Relationship analysis between agricultural engineering and agricultural modernization in China

Abstract: Since 2003, Chinese agricultural and rural development has entered a golden period and a period of strategic opportunities. The report of 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China (CPC) proposes that the comprehensive goal of building a moderately prosperous society should be achieved in 7 years before 2020. To fulfill this objective, it is needed to make up the deficiency of agricultural development and accelerate development of agricultural modernization in China . However, in agricultural production, there are still a series of prominent contradictions and challenges between production resources and resource needs, between the product quantity and structure, between costs and benefits, between population and labor force, between infrastructure and natural disasters, and so on. All of these force the government to strength further the agricultural foundation, transform development pattern into a new path of intention-type agricultural development. One of primary tasks of China's modernization construction is to promote agricultural modernization. Agricultural engineering provides important technology support and substantial guarantee for the construction agricultural modernization. Recently, the improvement of agricultural engineering technology is increasingly correlated with development of agricultural modernization in China. According to the new strategy about promoting collaborative development of informationization, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization (hereafter referred to as Four modernizations synchronization), agricultural modernization is involved in a more complicated giant social system, and the complexity, dynamics, openness and heterogeneity of the system are in accelerated growth. As a core element of China's agricultural modernization, agricultural engineering cannot develop well within its own isolated field. To be able to playing a better role and realizing win-win situation, the relationship and interaction between agricultural engineering and other systematical components have to be revealed in agricultural modernization. Based on the study about Chinese characteristic modern agriculture construction path, in combination with the theory, principle and methods of organized system and advanced productivity establishment, this study analyzed the systematic target and structure of China's agricultural modernization, and the status and function of agricultural engineering in the system and its relationship with other elements, structures and environment, in order to investigate the effect of the developing quantity, quality, momentum and structure of agricultural engineering on the developing quality and speed of agricultural modernization. The results showed that the development of agricultural engineering was greatly influenced by the development environment of agricultural modernization that included the macroscopic targets and polices related with national economy and society. The development of agricultural engineering was also restricted by the factors such as technology, talents, finance and management system. Meanwhile, agricultural engineering could improve the quality of core factors affecting agricultural modernization development including nature, policies, and society environment. Additionally, agricultural engineering had a significant impact on the structure of Chinese agricultural modernization development and showed positive correlations especially with the composition of the labor, land and products. In a word, the development mode of China's agricultural engineering needs to be changed. The period of strategic opportunity should to be well captured. The initiative and coordinate development of agricultural engineering can speed up the transforming of the development of modern agriculture, and create better developing environment and more opportunities for itself.