辣木在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究

为研究辣木的瘤胃降解特性,探索辣木在反刍动物饲料中的应用技术,以3头安装永久性瘘管的奶牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定辣木叶、辣木枝、辣木茎在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数。结果表明:辣木干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数变化趋势相近, 48 h达到降解平台期,但不同部位的降解率差异较大。辣木叶干物质(DM)96 h降解率最高,为69.34%,辣木枝和辣木茎依次降低;辣木各部位干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)的有效降解率差异显著(P<0.05),叶、枝、茎的有效降解率依次降低。辣木叶粗蛋白(CP)的96 h降解率高达90.86%,较辣木茎和枝分别高22.84%、38.92%;三者粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率依次降低,但粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率明显高于干物质(DM)和有机物(OM);辣木叶瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量最高为15.57%,高于过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量,但辣木枝和茎的过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量高于瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量。辣木叶、枝、茎中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的96 h瘤胃降解率依次降低,分别为50.55%、27.11%、16.24%,辣木叶和辣木枝酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的96 h降解率大小相近;辣木叶的NDF、ADF的有效降解率均显著高于辣木枝和辣木茎(P<0.05)。因此从瘤胃降解特性来看,辣木3个部位的营养价值依次为辣木叶>辣木枝>辣木茎。在饲喂奶牛过程中,建议单独饲喂辣木叶,辣木枝混合营养含量高的饲料饲喂,不建议将辣木茎直接作为奶牛饲料。

Ruminal degradation characteristics of Moringa oleifera in dairy cows

This experiment was conducted to study the degradation characteristics of Moringa oleifera in the rumen of dairy cows and to explore the possibility of using Moringa as a feed resource for ruminants.Three dairy cows with permanent rumen fistula were selected to determine the disappearance rate and degradation parameters of Moringa leaves,branches,and stems.The disappearance rates and degradation parameters of DM (dry matter) and OM (organic matter) were nearly the same and reached a plateau at 48 h,while the degradation rates varied greatly among the different plant parts.At 96 h,Moringa leaves showed the highest disappearance rate (69.34％),followed by the branches and then the stems.The effective degradation rate of DM and OM differed significantly among the Moringa plant parts (P＜0.05).The disappearance rate of CP (crude protein) of Moringa leaves was up to 90.86％,which was 22.84％ and 38.92％ higher than that of CP in the stems and branches,respectively.The effective degradability of CP was highest in the leaves,followed by the branches and then the stems,while the effective degradability of stem CP was higher than that of DM and OM.The rumen—degradable protein (RDP) content of Moringa leaves was up to 15.57％,and the contents of undegradable protein (RUP) were higher than that of RDP in the branches and stems.The disappearance rate was highest for the leaves,followed by the branches and then the stems (50.55％,27.11％,and 41.43％,respectively).At 96 h,the disappearance rates of the branches and leaves were similar.The effective degradability of NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) were significantly higher in Moringa leaves than in the stems and branches (P＜0.05).In conclusion,the three parts could be ranked,from highest nutritional value to lowest,as follows:Moringa leaves ＞Moringa branches ＞Moringa stems.When feeding dairy cows,Moringa leaves should be individually fed,Moringa branches should be mixed with high nutrient content feed,while Moringa stems are not recommended as cow feed.