山葡萄种内和种间杂交F1 ～F4 代果实酸和糖含量的遗传分析

 1973～2005年对我国东北地区山葡萄抗寒的种质资源(品种、品系) 进行种内杂交, 并与果实高糖低酸、不抗寒的欧亚种酿造葡萄品种进行种间杂交、回交和重复杂交(8种杂交模式) , 共73个组合, 杂种苗成活10 544株。共分离出低酸高糖3 049株, 占杂种苗总株数2819%。8种杂交模式果实总酸含量(低→高) 排列顺序是: (山—欧) F2 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×欧亚种→山葡萄×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 × (山—欧) F1 → (山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 → (山—欧) F2 ×山葡萄→ (山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄→山葡萄×山葡萄。果实糖含量(高→低) 排列顺序是: (山—欧) F2 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 → (山—欧) F1 × (山—欧) F1 →山葡萄×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄→ (山—欧) F2 ×山葡萄→山葡萄×山葡萄。遗传规律是: 山葡萄种内和种间杂交后代( F1 ～F4 )果实总酸和糖含量性状分离, 表现为连续分布, 趋向于高酸和低糖亲本, 杂交组合中高酸低糖亲本越多,分离出的高酸低糖单株越多, 为多基因控制的数量性状遗传。已从(山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄、(山—欧) F1× (山—欧) F1和(山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 杂交模式中选育出酿造干红山葡萄酒新品种‘左优红’、品系94-7-75、94-8-168、98-17-121和酿造冰红酒新品系2002-1-135。

Hereditary Ana lysis of Tota l Fruit Ac id Content and Sugar Content of Progen ies ( F1 - F4 ) of V itis am u rensis Rupr. v ia Intra spec if ic or Interspec if icHybr idiza tion

Ten thousand and five hundred forty-four hybrid plants survived in 73 crossing group s with 8kinds of crossingmodels and 3 049 plants were separated with low acid content and high sugar content, whichis 28.9% among the total hybrid plants by intraspecific hybridization of Vitis am urensis Rupr. to cold-resistanting resources of Vitis amurensis Rupr. (VA) and the interspecific hybridization, back cross and recrossingbetween VA and Vitis vinifera L. (VV) with high sugar content and low acid content in the northeast area ofChina from 1973 to 2005. The range of total acid content of 8 kinds crossingmodels ( from low to high) was:(VA ×VV) F₂ ×VV → (VA ×VV) F₁ ×VV → (VA ×VV) → (VA ×VV) F₁ × (VA ×VV) F₁ →(VA ×VV) F₂ × (VA ×VV) F₂ → (VA ×VV) F₂ ×VA → (VA ×VV) F₁ ×VA → (VA ×VA) and the range of fruit sugar contents ( from high to low) was : (VV ×VA) F₂ ×VV → (VV ×VA) F₁ ×VV →(VV ×VA) F₂ × (VV ×VA) F₂ → (VV ×VA) F₁ × (VV ×VA) F₁ → (VA ×VV) → (VV ×VA) F₁×VA → (VV ×VA) F₂ ×VA→ (VV ×VA). It showed a continuous distribution and tended to the parentwith high acid content and low sugar content in the hereditary laws of the separation of total acid content andsugar content of intraspecific hybridization and interspecific hybridization of VA ( F₂ - F₄ ) , and the morecrossings of those parentswere used, the more progenies were separated with high acid content and low sugarcontent; and the laws showed quantity trait heredity controlled by multi2gene. A new variety named‘ZuoYouhong’and strains of 94-7-75, 94-8-168, 98-17-121 and 2002-1-135 for dry-red grape wine and a newstrain for ice2red grape wine were bred from the p rogenies of crossingmodels of (VA ×VV) F1 ×VA, (VA×VV) F₁ × (VA ×VV) F1 and (VA ×VV) F₂ × (VA ×VV) F₂.