冬油菜叶片的物质及养分积累与转移特性研究

为优化当季和下季作物的养分管理，采用田间试验研究了冬油菜品种:华双5号与中油杂12号叶片的干物质及氮、磷、钾的积累及转移规律，并比较了品种间的异同。结果表明，两个油菜品种的绿叶干物质量在苗后期基本达最大值，花后期迅速降低；苗期的落叶干物质量较小，蕾薹期后直线增加；叶片总干物质先增后减，花期达最大值。中油杂12号的落叶及叶片总干物质均高于华双5号，差异随生育期的推进逐渐明显。绿叶氮含量出苗后逐渐降低，后因越冬肥的施用又略有升高，蕾薹期后便迅速下降；落叶氮含量持续降低，苗后期降至最低点，其后一直保持稳定。绿叶磷含量在苗期缓慢增加，蕾薹期达到最大值，而后迅速下降；苗期落叶的磷含量逐渐降低，蕾薹期降至最低值，角果期后又略有升高。出苗50d后绿叶钾含量快速下降，70d达到最低值，其后保持稳定；落叶钾含量在蕾薹期达到最低值，其后波动较大。两品种叶片养分含量的变化趋势相似，但无论绿叶还是落叶，华双5号的养分含量总体略低于中油杂12号。绿叶的养分与叶片总养分积累的变化规律一致，即氮、磷、钾积累量均先增加后降低，分别在蕾薹期、苗后期和花期达到最高值。落叶的养分积累量在抽薹后迅速增加，收获期达最大值。华双5号叶片的干物质、N、P2O5、K2O转移率分别为25.5%、82.9%、75.4%、45.8%；中油杂12号则分别为8.4%、76.0%、60.2%、38.8%，品种间差异显著。

Study on characteristics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation and transportation in leaves of winter oilseed rape

Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ for plants,but for rapeseed,it gradually drops out after the bud period.To increase nutrient use efficiency,it is important to evaluate the nutrient accumulation and distribution in green leaves and defoliation.Two cultivars of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.,HS No.5 and ZYZ No.12) were selected to study the accumulation and transportation of dry matter and nutrients in leaves of rapeseed.The results show that the accumulation amounts of dry matter in green leaves of the two...