兰陵溪小流域不同植被恢复模式生态功能研究

以农耕地为对照,对三峡库区兰陵溪小流域7种植被恢复模式生态功能进行研究.结果表明:各模式土壤种子库主要为草本植物种子.农耕地、柑橘林地种子库密度较高,分别达到12 043粒/m2和10 160粒/m2;针阔混交林、板栗林、栎林、马尾松林地土壤出现灌木和乔木种子,导致其种子库物种丰富度较高.种子库物种多样性指数最高为针阔混交林,达到3.9.各模式间种子库组成成分相似性变化范围为37.50～86.67,无较大的异质性,农耕地与其他模式的相似性最小.各植被恢复模式均可提高林冠层对降水的截持作用.单场降雨量为3.12～43.80 mm时,各模式平均林冠截留率为18.04%～24.36%,马尾松林、栎林和针阔混交林等3种模式的林地枯落物吸持水量为1.97～4.55 mm.各模式林地土壤最大蓄水量大小依次为竹林(402.29 mm)>茶园(349.34 mm)>农耕地(330.55 mm)>柑橘林(272.65 mm)>针阔混交林(242.93mm)>栎林(201.20 mm)>板栗林(175.08 mm)>马尾松林(144.97 mm).坡耕地经植被恢复后,地表径流量和径流系数平均分别减少82.04%和83.72%.土壤侵蚀模数减小1 608.87～1 876.66 t/(km2·a).各植被恢复模式的土壤质量均高于农耕地,土壤质量指数分别为板栗林(0.562 9)>马尾松林(0.512 1)>柑橘林(0.492 1)>栎林(0.448 5)>针阔混交林(-0.258 7)>茶园(-0.453 5)>竹林(-0.638 5),均高于农耕地土壤质量指数(-0.664 9).各植被恢复模式的生态功能综合评价值均高于农耕地,其中针阔混交林为生态公益林恢复的最优模式,板栗林为经济林建设的最优模式.

Ecological Function of Different Vegetation Restoration Patterns in Lanlingxi Small Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The ecological function of seven typical vegetation restoration patterns in Lanlingxi small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was studied using cropland as the control.The results showed that the herb plants made the major contribution to soil seed bank.The seed density in soil seed bank of cropland and citrus plantation were higher than those of the others,which reached to 12 042.67 grain/m2 and 10 160 grain/m2,respectively.The species richness of soil seed banks in chestnut plantation,mixed con...