品种混种控制小麦白粉病及其对小麦产量和蛋白质含量的影响

研究品种混种对控制小麦白粉病的效果以及对产量及蛋白质含量的影响,可为利用品种多样性持续控制白粉病提供理论依据及技术支持。2011—2012和2012—2013年度选用抗病性不同、遗传背景有较大差异的8个小麦生产品种,按每个组合3~8个品种进行田间混种,人工接种白粉菌混合菌株,比较品种混种对小麦白粉病的病害流行曲线下面积以及小麦产量、粗蛋白含量和千粒重的影响。结果表明,混种组分品种的数量对防效有影响,其中以4个品种混种的防病效果最好,但当品种数达到7个及以上时,混种也显示出较好的控病效果。2011—2012年度混种组合中有防效的占42.4%,相对防效为1.2%~26.8%,约50%的混种组合表现增产,增产幅度为0.2%~14.6%;2012—2013年度有防治效果的组合占75.0%,相对防效1.8%~45.4%,约71%的混种组合表现增产,增产范围为0.9%~16.6%。供试品种中周麦18总体表现最好,并且与其他品种混种后对控制小麦白粉病、增加产量和粗蛋白含量均有正向效应。不同混种组分品种间存在互作,其互作对病害控制及产量均有影响。

Effect of Variety Mixure Planting on Powdery Mildew Controlling as Well as Yield and Protein Contents in Common Wheat

The knowledge of variety mixture planting in the field on the effects of powdery mildew disease and wheat yield and quality will facilitate the utilization of variety diversity to control wheat diseases. In the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons, we selected eight commercial wheat varieties with large differences in genetic background and disease resistance to test the feasible pattern of variety mixture in the field. In each mixture pattern containing one (control), three, four, five, six, seven, and eight varieties, wheat plants were exposed to mixed powdery mildew isolates. The area under disease progress curve, plot yield, thousand-grain weight and crude protein content in grain were measured. For disease control, four-variety mixture pattern had the best efficacy. However, the mixture patterns with seven or more varieties exhibited also good efficacy. In the 2011–2012 growing season, 42.4% of the mixture patterns were effective with relative efficacy ranging from 1.2% to 26.8%. Meanwhile, 50.0% of the mixture patterns had the effect of yield increase (0.2–14.6%) compared with the control. In the 2012–2013 growing season, 75.0% of the mixture patterns were effective with the efficacy ranging from 1.8% to 45.4% and 71.4% of the mixture patterns resulted in increased yield (0.9–16.6%). Zhoumai 18 was the best component in mixtures having good control against powdery mildew and positive effects on grain yield and protein content. Interactions among the mixture components were also observed, and such interaction had impacts on powdery mildew controlling and wheat yield.