论植物表型组和植物表型组学的概念与范畴

植物表型分析是理解植物基因功能及环境效应的关键环节,随着植物功能基因组学和作物分子育种研究的深入,传统的表型观测已经成为制约其发展的主要瓶颈,而高通量的植物表型组分析技术和植物表型组学研究是解决这一困境的有效途径。虽然植物表型组分析正在成为国内外研究的热点,相关概念仍然较为模糊,阻碍了这一新兴学科的发展。本文分析了植物表型组和植物表型组学的相关概念和范畴,引入了准表型组、可辨识性状、映射性状、植物表型的遗传和环境包容性等新概念,将植物表型组定义为"受基因组和环境因素决定或影响的,反映植物结构及组成、植物生长发育过程及结果的全部物理、生理、生化特征和性状",将植物表型组学定义为"对植物表型组信息及相关环境参数的综合控制、完整采集和系统分析",并提出了植物表型组学的研究范围、研究方向和顶层设计原则。

Analysis of Concepts and Categories of Plant Phenome and Phenomics

Plant phenotyping is a key link in understanding gene function and environmental effects, and with development of plant function genomics and crop molecular breeding, the traditional phenotypic observation has become the main bottleneck. High-throughput plant phenome analysis technology and plant phenomics study is an effective way to solve this problem. Although plant phenome analysis is becoming a hot spot at home and abroad, relevant concepts are still relatively fuzzy, and this situation hinders the development of this emerging discipline. In this paper, the relevant concepts and categories of plant phenome and plant phenomics were analyzed, and the new concepts such as quasi-phenome, identifiable traits, mapped traits, and tolerance of plant phenotype to the changes of inheritance and environment, were introduced. And, plant phenome was defined as “all of physical, physiological and biochemical characteristics and traits which are decided or influenced by genome and environments, and can reflect the plant structures and compositions, or reflect the processes and results of plant growth and development”, and plant phenomics as “the comprehensive controls, complete collections and systematic analyses of plant phenome informations and related environmental parameters”. The scopes, directions, and top design principles of plant phenomics research, were also discussed.