甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性

旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象,以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照,在机插高产栽培条件下,对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为ABDC,叶基角表现为DABC,披垂度表现为DBCA。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为DABC,冠层下部叶面积密度表现为CBAD,最大叶面积密度表现为ADBC,最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为DABC。冠层上部相对光照表现为ABCD,冠层下部相对光照表现为BACD,冠层平均相对光照表现为BACD,冠层消光系数表现为CDBA。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈DABC趋势,有效叶面积率呈ABCD趋势;颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为ABCD。经济产量、生物产量均表现为ABCD,经济系数呈DCBA趋势;蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII的光化学效率及净光合速率呈ABCD趋势;抽穗至成熟期剑叶的MDA含量呈DCBA趋势,SOD、POD、CAT活性呈ABCD趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势,这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础,也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。

Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Yongyou Series of In-dica-Japonica Hybrid Rice under High-yielding Cultivation Condition

Compared with japonica hybrid rice cultivars(B), conventional japonica rice cultivars (C) and indica hybrid rice cultivars (D), Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (A) were adopted to analyze the lightened posture of leave, light distribution of canopy and photosynthetic characteristics of plant systematically. Results were as follows: (1) leaf length, leaf width of top three leaves showed the trend of A>B>D>C, canopy extinction coefficient showed the trend of C>D>B>A, leaf basic angle of top three leaves and relative height of the largest leaf area density were D>A,>B>C, lower canopy leaf area density was C>B>A>D, plant height and largest leaf area density showed the trend of A>D>B>C, leaf drop angle of top three leaves showed the trend of D>B>C>A, upper canopy leaf area density observed D>A>B>C, lower canopy relative light showed the trend of A>B>C>D, lower canopy relative light and canopy average relative light showed the trend of B>A>C>D; (2) population LAI and high valid leaf area rate showed the trend of D>A>B>C at heading, valid leaf area rate, spikelets per cm2 leaf area, filled grains per cm2 leaf area, total biomass, economic yield, Chlorophyll (a+b) content, carotenoid content, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, enzyme activities of SOD, POD and CAT after heading showed the trend of A>B>C>D, harvest index and MDA content showed the trend of D>C>B>A. Therefore, compared with other three types of rice, Yongyou Series of indica-japonica hybrid rice had significant advantages in the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics, which are both normal ecological and physiological bases of high yield, and maybe an important way to improve the population productivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.