抗同翅目昆虫的相关基因及其转基因抗虫植物研究进展

植物抗虫基因工程为控制害虫的危害提供了新的途径。目前,对同翅目害虫具抗虫活性的基因有三种来源,(1)植物:如植物凝集素基因、番茄抗线虫基因Mi等;(2)微生物:如异戊烯转移酶抗性基因;(3)动物:如来自一些昆虫的蛋白酶抑制素基因。其中一些基因已被成功地转入植物体内,并且获得的转基因抗虫植物对同翅目害虫的生长、发育、繁殖能力等方面都具有一定的抑制作用,表现出这些抗虫基因在防治这类害虫中的应用潜力。雪花莲凝集素可通过人工饲料或转基因作物进入昆虫体内,并通过营养级传递于天敌,进而对天敌造成直接或间接的影响。

Homopteran-resistant Genes and Their Transgenic Insect-resistant Plants

The insect-resistance genetic engineering of plants provides a new way of controlling crop pests. Genes that have so far been found resistant to homopteran insects come from three origins: (1) resistance genes from plants such as plant lectins genes and the root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi of tomato; (2) resistance genes from microorganisms such as the isopentenyl-transferase gene; and (3) resistance genes from animals such as certain proteinase-inhibitor genes from some insects. Some of these genes have been successfully incorporated into plants. The insect-resistant transgenic plants inhibit development and decrease fecundity of homopteran insects, demonstrating practical potential of these insect-resistant genes in the control of this group of pests. Snowdrop lectin (GNA) delivered via artificial diet or transgenic plants to the homopteran insects can be transferred through trophic levels, and has direct and indirect effects on natural enemies.