Biochemical and morphometric analysis of Rosa tomentosa and Rosa rubiginosa during application of liquid culture systems for in vitro shoot production

Two liquid culture systems, rotary shaker (RS) and temporary immersion system (TIS) for the propagation of Rosa rubiginosa and Rosa tomentosa were investigated and compared with solid medium culture. Shoot tips were grown on basic Murashige and Skoog medium with 20 mg dm^?3 Fe EDDHA, 1 µM BA, 1.5 µM GA₃ and 3% sucrose for six weeks. Of the different culture systems, liquid cultures resulted in better growth and development of roses. Both RS and TIS cultures improved biomass growth, multiplication rate, leaf blade area and plant height; however, RS reduced the shoot dry mass content. There were no changes in the content of chlorophyll a, b, a + b in plants developed in the tested systems. Use of a solid medium favoured the accumulation of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, and carotenoids, but it was accompanied by browning and necrosis of shoots. Plants propagated in TIS were characterised by the high content of phenolic compounds and soluble sugars, but they had the highest multiplication rate. Use of TIS resulted in eight times the number of shoots for R. tomentosa and twice as many for R. rubiginosa compared to solid medium.