Resistance of wheat to Fusarium spp. in an in vitro seed germination assay and preliminary investigations into the relationship with Fusarium head blight resistance

Resistance of wheat cultivars from the UK, 2003 recommended list were evaluated against Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale, F. avenaceum and F. poae using a seed germination assay and related to previously published data on detached leaf assays, using M. nivale, and UK recommended list Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance ratings. Significant cultivar differences were found after inoculation with all fungal species with the exception of F. poae where the decline in the percentage of seed germinating relative to the controls was small. Correlations of the percentage seed germinating inoculated with the remaining Fusarium spp. and M. nivale were high (r = 0.68; P < 0.01 to r = 0.94; P < 0.001). Overall, F. graminearum caused the greatest reduction with a mean seed germination of 61.7% relative to the controls followed by F. avenaceum (65.5%), M. nivale var. majus (67.2%), F. culmorum (76.6%), M. nivale var. nivale (89.2%) and was least for F. poae (92.5%). The resistance detected in the germination assay was significantly correlated to whole plant FHB resistance ratings (r_s = 0.45; P < 0.05) but was not correlated to partial disease resistance (PDR) components detected using the detached leaf assay, namely, incubation period, latent period and lesion length. The results suggest that while resistances detected in the seed germination and detached leaf assays may in part share a common genetic basis to FHB resistance, resistances detected in both in vitro assays are independent of each other. Resistances detected in the seed germination assay had a lower correlation with FHB resistance ratings against F. culmorum, than those detected by latent period in the detached leaf assay.