异季栽培对稻米品质的影响

稻米品质改良是主要育种目标之一。稻米品质的优劣,既受遗传基因的制约,也受环境因素的影响,尤其是灌浆期间的温度条件对稻米品质的作用更大。前人研究认为,灌浆期间温度过高,籽粒的灌浆速率较快,稻米的整精米率下降,透明度变差、垩白度增大,碾磨品质和外观品质变劣;对蒸煮品质来说,高温会使稻米的糊化温度升高、胶稠度变硬,直链淀粉含量也受高温影响,Resurreccion等和赵式英认为这种影响因品种特性而异,Juliano则认为高温会降低直链淀粉含量。从我国目前稻米品质的现状来看,早籼米的品质劣于晚籼米,早籼品种经翻秋栽培后,品质明显变好,但对晚籼品种在早稻生长季节灌浆成熟后,其稻米品质的变化目前尚未见报道。本文通过对同一地点不同季节栽培的稻米进行品质分析,旨在洞悉早籼和晚籼品质差异的原因,以及灌浆期间环境因素对稻米品质影响的程度,以期对水稻品质育种提供依据。

The Influence of Different Cropping Seasons on Rice Grain Quality

The grain quality of 6 early and 5 late indica rice varieties cultivated both in early and late seasons was studied. The result showed that a obvious difference between the two growth seasons existed in milling, appearence and cooking qualities. The grain quality of late seasonal culture was remarkably better than that of early one with respect of smaller chalkiness, better translucency and higher head rice yield. The quality of late varietites become poor when they were cultivated in early season, due to the effect of high temperature in the period of filling stage. The target and method of quality improvement in indica rice were discussed.