1975～1995年间吉林省大豆主要推广品种及其遗传关系

１９７５～１９９５年２１年间吉林省大豆主推品种共２９个，分为中－中晚、中早、早熟和有限型品种４组。研究分析了它们的相互演替及遗传关系，并对今后的育种策略提出意见。中－中晚熟组中，形成了吉林３和吉林４→吉林１８和吉林２０→长农５和吉林２７的主流遗传系统，还有九农９→丰交７６０７、吉林３→长农２、小金黄１号→吉林８、群选１等非主流系统。两类系统中，存在逐渐衰退现象，即后一品种较前一品种的推广表现差。在中早熟组中没有明显的主流系统。在早熟组中存在着丰收１０→合丰２３→合丰２５主流系统，绥农４和吉林２６也都岂有丰收号大豆的血缘。有限型品种组存在着早丰１→开育８、通农３→通农５、６→通农９、１０两个主流系统。主推品种的血缘组成上，吉林１８、吉林２０、长农４等已有１／４的外来种质，吉林２１、吉林２７、丰交７６０７均含有多于１／４的外来种质，而长农５只有１／８的外来种质。含有１／４的外来种质的品种具有更大的推广优势。在育种中应制定一个既能保持外来种质占１／４，又能保证适应性品种的种质更加复杂、优良的杂交方案。

Major Soybean Commercial Cultivars and Their Genetic Relations During 1975 ～ 1995 in Jilin Province of China

There were 29 major commerce soybean cultivars in Jilin province during 1975 ～ 1995.The cultivars may be devided into four groups: middle and middle - late, middle - early, early and determinante.The relations of replacement and genetic were analysed for the cultivars in each of four groups. In middle and middle-late group, main genetic systemcomposed by Jilin 3 and Jilin 4- Jilin 8 and Jilin 20 - Changnong 5 and Jilin 27 was developed . There were four minor genetic systems : Jiunong9- Fengjiao7607,Jilin3-Changnong ,Xaojinhuang 1-Jilin 8, Qunxuan 1. In main and mi- nor system , decline phenomenon existed that production area of later period variety was less than that of early period variety.In middle -early group, there was no obvious main -system. Inearly group, there was Fengshou 10-Hefeng 23-Hefeng 25 main system, Shuinong 4 and Jilin 26also had blood relationship of Fengshou 6. In determinante group, there were two main system of Zhaofeng 1- kaiyu 8 and Tongnong 3- Tongnong 5, tongnong 6- Tongnong 9, Tongnong 10.Jilin 18, Jilin20,Chagnong 4 had 1/4 introduction germplasm in blood relationship composition. Jilin 21, Jilin 27,Fengjiao 7607 had more than1/4 introduction germplasm.Changong 5 only had 1/8 introduction germplasm.The cultivars that included 1/4 introduction germplasm possessde larger planting area. Soy- bean breeding program that on the basis of possessing 1/4 in troduction germplasm,suitable germplasm which was more complex and better should be work out.