三江平原农田土壤动物组成与结构分析

摘 要：土壤动物是农田生态系统的重要组成部分，在农田生态系统的能量流动与物质循环过程中起着重要的作用。三江平原农田主要分布于草甸土，黑土，白浆土，沼泽土，从生态地理学角度出发，通过野外取样与室内实验结合对三江平原农田4个代表性土类的土壤动物进行了系统调查和分类鉴定。共获得土壤动物7031只，51类，隶属于4门7纲16目39科，其中优势类群3类，常见类群8类，稀有类群40类。各样地大、中小型土壤动物的数量和种类组成存在差异，草甸土大型土壤动物的数量和种类最多，白浆土的大、中小型土壤动物的数量和种类都是最少。在多样性分析中，大型土壤动物多样性指数大小为沼泽土＞草甸土＞黑土＞白浆土，与丰富度指数和均匀性指数呈正相关，与优势度指数呈负相关；中小型土壤动物多样性各指数间没有显著的相关性。四个土类间土壤动物的相似程度均较高，大多为中等相似，只有沼泽土和草甸土为极相似。

Analysis on Composition and Structure of Soil Animals in Farmland of Sanjiang Plain

Soil animals were important compositions in agro-ecosystem and played important roles in the course of material cycle and energy flow.The soil types of farmland in Sanjiang plain are mainly made up of meadow soil,black soil,white pulp soil and swamp soil.From the view of eco-geography,methods of field sampling and laboratory analysis were used to investigate and identify the soil animals in four representative types of soil in Sanjiang plain.A total of 7031 individuals,51 categories were captured,which belonged to 4 phyla,7 classes,16 orders and 39 families,including 3 dominant groups,8 common groups and 40 rare groups among them.There were obvious differences of soil animals in each plot,which showed that the numbers and categories of macro-soil animals in meadow soil were the most,while those of macro and meso-micro soil animals in white pulp soil were the least.The diversity analysis showed that the diversity index of macro-soil animals was that,the swamp soil meadow soil black soil white pulp soil.Moreover,the diversity index was positively correlated with abundance and evenness index,and negatively correlated with dominance index.The diversity index of meso-micro soil animals had no significant correlation with other indices.High similar degree appeared among soil animals in 4 types of soil,most of them were middle similar,but the soil animals between swamp soil and meadow soil were significantly similar.