汉中早春农田中3种常见食蚜蝇访花习性研究

[目的]研究汉中早春农田中3种常见食蚜蝇的访花习性。[方法]对汉中早春农田中活动的访花食蚜蝇进行了调查,并研究了其中3种常见食蚜蝇的年活动节律、访花行为、口器特点及其访花适应性。[结果]汉中早春农田中活动的访花食蚜蝇有20余种,其中长尾管蚜蝇Eristalis tenax（Linnaeus,1758）、黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus（DeGeer,1776）和灰被管蚜蝇Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805是农田中的优势种类。3种食蚜蝇在汉中地区几乎全年活动,早春主要活动于油菜及田埂上的菊科等植物的花上,油菜田中食蚜蝇科昆虫的活动对油菜的传粉有重要作用。3种食蚜蝇口器无特别适于访花的结构特点,但口器较短,宜于访问油菜和菊科等一些花冠较浅、开口较大的花。[结论]为进一步研究食蚜蝇的访花习性和传粉作用提供了理论依据。

Flower-visiting Habitus of Three Common Syrphids in Farmland of Hanzhong Area in Early Spring

[Objective] The paper was to study the flower-visiting habitus of three common syrphids in farmland of Hanzhong area in early spring.[Method] The active flower-visiting syrphids in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring was investigated,the annual activity rhythm,flower-visiting behavior,characteristics of mouthparts and their flower-visiting adaptability of three common syrphids were studied.[Result] About 20 species of active flower-visiting syrphids were found in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring,Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus,1758),Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer,1776) and Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805 were predominant species in farmland.These three species could be found in farmland of Hanzhong area almost throughout the year,and they mainly activated on the flowers of rape and composites on the ridge of field in early spring.The activities of these flower-visiting syrphids were important to pollination of rape.The syrphid mouthparts had no structural characters in adaptation to flower-visiting,but the mouthparts were shorter,which was adaptive to visit the flowers with open and shallower corolla.[Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for further study on flower-visiting habitus and pollination effect of syrphids.