不同基因型小麦成熟期地上部的化感作用研究

采用种子发芽的生物测试方法研究了7份不同基因型的小麦材料在成熟期地上部的化感作用。结果表明,不同基因型的小麦材料在成熟期地上部的化感作用差异显著,其水提取液明显抑制受体幼苗胚根的生长,而对胚芽伸长的影响不明显,成熟期不同基因型的小麦材料地上部的抑制作用与水提取液的浓度呈明显的正相关性。分析不同基因型的小麦染色体组型发现,当染色体组型由AA→AABB→AABBDD的进化过程中,化感抑制作用有逐渐增强的趋势,其中茎叶水提取液抑制作用表现为AABBDD>AA>AABB,而颖壳水提取液抑制作用表现为AABB>AABBDD>AA。大多数小麦材料茎叶部与颖壳的化感作用比值均大于1。当染色体组由2n→4n→6n变化时,不同基因型小麦茎叶与颖壳对小麦幼苗总根长的化感作用比值逐渐升高,对最大根长的化感比值先降低后逐渐升高,对苗长的影响为先逐渐升高而后降低。

Allelopathy of Mature Aerial Parts of Different Wheat Genotypes

Allelopathy of aerial parts from seven different wheat genotypes in the mature phase was studies using bioassay of seeds germination in this study. A significant difference, the effect on the growth of acceptor plant radicle, was observed in different wheat genotypes extracts at the mature stage. However they affect the elongation of coleoptile unremarkably, which implied that radicle is more susceptible than coleoptile to extracts. Allelopathic inhibition effect in aerial parts of tested wheat materials was increased by the genome evolution from AA to AABB to AABBDD, from which allelopathic effect in stem and leaf increased with genomes from AABB?AA to AABBDD and declined as AABB, AABBDD to AA in seed shell . A positive relationship was built up between allelopathy effect and the concentration of extracts, which meant that the effect of extracts would vary from inhibition to stimulation while diluted. The rate of allelopathic effect in stem and leaf to seed shell was above 1 in most materials, which showed that stem and leaf would play an important role in resistance to environment pressure in the aerial part. When the extracts of aerial parts were diluted frequently the rate would change as the enhance effect of Shan 160 on the most length radicle and French. Secale cereale L. on seedling length of acceptor plant, the falling effect of Triticum monococcum L. and Triticum dicoccoides K. on the total length radicle, Triticum boeoticum L. and Triticum monococcum L. on the most length of radicle and T. boeoticum., T. dicoccoides and Tritium aestivum L. on the seedling length of acceptor plant. When genomes evolving from AA, AABB to AABBDD in different wheat genotypes the rate of allelopathic effect on the total length increased. And it descended first and then ascended in the effect on the most length of radicle, whose contrary result is depicted on the seedling elongation . The research will be available for the technologies improvement of straw mulching and seed shell returning to fields.