玉米不同遗传背景子粒和秸秆粗蛋白含量及杂种优势分析

利用5大杂种优势群的10个优良玉米自交系,按Griffing双列杂交设计配成正反交90个杂交组合,分别在河南省的南阳、郑州和浚县3个地点随机区组试验,用MARX-I型近红外品质分析仪测定子粒和秸秆蛋白质含量并进行统计分析。结果表明:各组合子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量的高低不仅取决于遗传背景,同时受环境条件的显著影响。子粒蛋白存在基因型与环境的显著互作效应,地点间子粒蛋白含量表现北高南低趋势(浚县郑州南阳),秸秆蛋白与其相反(南阳郑州浚县)。子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量分别排在前5位的组合中,80%来源于不同优势类群自交系间杂交,自交系E28和8085是可利用的高蛋白质种质资源。子粒、秸秆的蛋白质含量分别表现负向和正向杂种优势,平均优势率分别为-1.76%和27.03%,但两者变异性均较大,组合间变幅分别为-18.56%～21.24%和-12.78%～95.30%。相关分析表明,子粒与秸秆蛋白质含量相关不显著(r=0.0224)。因此,通过基因重组,在广泛遗传变异中选择子粒和秸秆蛋白含量较高的组合是可能的。

Heterosis and Crude Protein Content in Maize Kernel and Stalk with Different Genotypes over Environment

Ninety reciprocal crosses were composed according to Griffing design using 10 inbreds from different heterotic groups,and trialed under randomized block design at three locations in Henan province,the crude protein content in maize kernel and stalk was tested by using MARX-I type NIRS and the data were analyzed by statistics.The results showed that the protein content in kernel and stalk noticeably depended on genotypes and environment especially the kernel protein content was significantly effected by location×genotype interaction.The protein content in kernel performed higher in North than in South(Xunxian > Zhengzhou > Nanyang).On the contrary,the protein content in stalk performed lower in North than in South(Nanyang > Zhengzhou > Xunxian).Eighty percent of the first 5 crosses with high protein content in kernel or stalk were the crosses between inbreds from different heterotic groups,E28 and 8085 were two inbreds worth use resources with high protein content.The protein content in kernel and stalk performed negative (-1.76 in mean) and positive (27.03 in mean) heterosis respectively,but both with large variance ranged from -18.56 - 21.24 and -12.78 - 95.30 ,and based on the correlation analysis,no significant relationship in protein content existed between kernel and stalk(r=0.022 4).So,it is possible to select the cross with high protein content in kernel and stalk from materials with wide variance through gene recombination.