优质小型四倍体西瓜的诱变及其主要经济性状研究

用0.2%和0.4%秋水仙碱对64-2-6-4-1等优良小型二倍体西瓜进行滴苗和浸种处理诱导四倍体,结果表明,用0.2%秋水仙碱进行剥滴处理,其四倍体诱导率达11.6%~14.1%,比常规处理约高出10.0%,对诱变获得的小型四倍体西瓜进行不同基因型杂交、回交和系统分离筛选,决选出早熟、优质、耐贮运等综合性状突出的小型四倍体西瓜B154n和XH4n等品系。

Mutation of good quality small tetraploid watermelon and its main characteristics

Treatments of seed soaking, dripping plantlets with 0. 2% and 0. 4% colchicines were conducted on good quality small diploid watermelon such as 64-2-6-4-1. The results showed that the mutation rate of the tetraploid watermelon reached 11.6%- 14. 1% by dripping the plantlets after picking-off the young leaves surround the growth tip with 0. 2% colchicines, which was 10. 0% higher than the normal treatments. After treating the small tetraploid watermelon of mutation with hybridization, backcrossing, systematic isolation and screening in different gene types, the variety lines such as B154 and XH4 were selected, which showed prominent comprehensive characteristics of early mature, good quality and long shelf/transport life.