控释氮肥对夏玉米氮素积累及产量的影响

为了解控释氮肥在夏玉米上的最佳用量，通过田间试验研究了不同控释氮肥与普通氮肥掺混比例及减少施氮总量20%的处理对夏玉米产量、氮素积累、肥料表观利用率和农学效率的影响。结果表明：与相同施肥量的普通氮肥处理相比，控释氮肥全量及减量处理均能显著提高玉米植株氮积累量。完熟期100%包膜尿素处理、70%包膜尿素处理、50%包膜尿素处理和50%包膜尿素减氮处理氮积累量分别较普通尿素处理增加了16.46%、39.02%、20.97%、8.22%。控释氮肥全量及减量处理对玉米植株氮素积累趋势基本无影响。控释氮肥全量及减量处理能够显著提高氮、磷、钾肥的表观利用率和农学效率。与相同施肥量的普通氮肥处理相比，控释氮肥全量及减量处理均能显著提高玉米产量，其中70%控释尿素处理产量最高，增产率达12.33%。

Effects of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Summer Maize

In order to determine the optimum application amount of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on summer maize, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different blend ratios of controlled-release and conventional N-fertilizer and the treatment of reducing 20% nitrogen fertilizer on the yield, nitrogen accumulation, use efficiency of fertilization and agronomic efficiency of summer maize. The results showed that treatments of total and reducing controlled-release N-fertilizer both increased maize nitrogen accumulation compared with conventional N-fertilizer under the same application rates. Nitrogen accumulation increased by 16.46%, 39.02%, 20.97% and 8.22%, respectively, by treatments of 100% coated urea, 70% coated urea, 50% coated urea and 50% coated urea with reducing nitrogen in full ripe stage. There was no significant effect on maize nitrogen accumulation trend with treatments of total and reducing controlled-release N-fertilizer. Treatments of total and reducing controlled-release N-fertilizer could increase the use efficiency of N, P, K and agronomic efficiency significantly. Compared with the conventional N-fertilizer treatment, treatments of total and reducing controlled-release N-fertilizer could increase the yield of maize significantly, the treatment of 70% controlled-release urea had the highest yield of maize, and the rate of growth was 12.33%.