四种植物提取物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用

本试验测定了苦参(Sophora flavescensAit.)、瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasma)、乌头(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)的乙醇和水提取物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的生物活性。结果表明:4种植物提取物对马铃薯晚疫病菌都具有明显的抑制作用,其中室内毒力最强的为苦参醇萃取物(ACS4),其次分别为瑞香狼毒水提取物(HCS1)、乌头醇萃取物(ACS3)和甘草醇萃取物(ACS2),其抑制中浓度分别为0.0177g·mL-1、0.0207g·mL-1、0.0305g·mL-1和0.0623g·mL-1;浓度为0.05g·mL-1的ACS4、0.08g·mL-1的HCS1、0.2g·mL-1的ACS2抑制产孢效果与空白对照间差异达极显著;经ACS4和HCS1处理的晚疫病菌侵染马铃薯后病情指数显著低于CK,说明这两种提取物能有效抑制晚疫病菌的侵染。ACS2、ACS3也有一定效果,但不显著。

Effects of Four Plant Extracts on Inhibition of Phytophthora infestans

The antifungal activity of the water and ethanol extracts from Stellera chamaejasma, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., and Sophora flavescens Ait. were tested with Phyhtophora infestans (Mont.). The results showed that the four plant extracts had significant inhibitory effects on the P. infestans. ACS4(ethanol extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait.) was the best followed by HCS1(water extracts from Stellera chamaejasma), ACS3(ethanol extracts from Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.), and ACS2(ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), with EC50 being 0.0177 g·mL-1, 0.0207 g·mL-1, 0.0305g·mL-1, and 0.0623 g·mL-1, respectively; HCS4 at the concentration of 0.05 g·mL-1, ACS1 at the concentration of 0.08 g·ml-1, and ACS2 at the concentration of 0.2 g·mL-1 showed more significant inhibitory effect on the sporangia germination of P. infestans compared with control. The disease index of potatoes infected with P. infestans, which was treated with HCS4 and ACS1, was lower than that of control, suggesting that these two extracts could effectively inhibit the infection of P. infestans. The extracts of ACS2 and ACS3 had some inhibitory effect, but not significantly.