饲料加工过程中水分变化及其控制

饲料经原料接收进料、输送、吸风、粉碎、配料、混合、调质(均质)、制粒冷却、膨化干燥、包装和储存等工序会使饲料中的水分损耗(亦称减湿、解湿)或增加(亦称增湿、吸湿),少则0.1%,多则1.0%,总损耗可达1.5%～2%。水分过多的损耗不仅影响饲料的适口性,而且严重影响饲料加工企业的经济效益。一个年产20万吨饲料加工厂,年因水分损失可造成的经济损失达300～400万元。本文对饲料在加工过程水分损失或增湿的机理及主要水分损失或增湿的影响因素进行了分析。并对如何使饲料在加工过程中减少水分损失和如何使饲料安全增湿,提出了看法和建议,指出饲料加工厂的工艺设计及饲料加工厂管理应是精细化的,这样才能获得较好的经济效益并在激烈的市场竞争中处于有利地位。

Moisture variation and control in feed processing

The moisture in feed varies in its processing,which includes steps such as raw material reception,conveying,suction,grinding,batching,mixing,quenching & tempering,granulating & cooling,extrusion & drying,packaging and storing.The total moisture loss in feed processing may account for 1.5%～2% of its products.The moisture loss in feed will decrease its palatability as well as economic benefit of feed processing factories.For example,a feed processing factory whose annual production capability is 200 000 t,will suffer 3～4 million Yuan(RMB) economic loss because of moisture loss in feed.This paper analyses the mechanism and influence factors of moisture variety in feed processing and proposes suggestions on how to control moisture loss and maintain proper moisture in feed production factories.In general,a meticulous designing and managing of feed production factories can lead to good economic return and advantageous position in stormy market competition.