余姚野生兰科植物资源的分布与生境调查

采用查阅文献资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对余姚市野生兰科植物资源的分布与生境进行了深入调查。结果表明:余姚市共有野生兰科植物17属25种,生活型较单一,只有地生兰和附生兰2个类型。其中又以地生兰为主,计12属20种,但只有春兰、蕙兰、大花无柱兰3种的资源分布较广,且资源储量较大。各种野生兰科植物的分布与海拔、坡向、坡度、坡位、植被等生境因子具有显著的相关性:海拔在500 m以上的南部山区是余姚野生兰科植物的集中分布区,中坡、下坡和谷地,红壤、黄壤和粗骨土,针叶林、阔叶林和粗放经营的毛竹林为本区野生兰科植物的主要生境;兰花分布与乔木层优势树种没有明显相关性,但与灌木树种有较显著的相关性。余姚野生兰科植物资源已表现出了急剧萎缩的态势,急需开展就地与迁地保护。

Distribution and Habitate Investigation on the Wild Orchid in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province

Through looking up documents and field investigation,the result showed that there were 17 genus and 25 species of wild orchid plants.There were significant relationships between the distribution of the species and the factors of the habitat such as elevation,toward,tilt and position of slope,vegetation.The south district of Yuyao at an elevation of over 500m was the concentrating distribution district of the wild orchid.The middle and lower part of the mountains,valleys,red,yellow and skeletal soils,coniferous forests,broad-leaf forest and moso bamboo stands with extensive operating were the main habitat of them.The distribution of them was no obviously correlated with the dominant species of the tree layer but was significantly correlated with the species of the shrub.The result even more showed that the resource of wild orchid in Yuyao was in a rapidly shrinking situation,and urgently need on-the-spot or out-of-spot protect.