植物胚败育机理及其离体培养挽救技术之研究进展

从植物胚胎败育机理及影响植物胚胎离体挽救成功的因素两个方面综述了近些年来有关植物胚胎败育的研究进展。从器官发育、生理生化指标及遗传的角度看，引起植物胚胎败育的主要原因有七类：胚囊发育异常、胚乳发育异常、幼胚起源、营养供应失调、内源激素、酚类物质、某些酶的活性变异及基因调控。由于胚胎败育原因的多样性，增加了胚挽救的难度。文章还讨论了影响植物胚胎挽救成功与否的主要因素包括胚挽救材料及处理方式、胚龄、培养基种类及培养条件、渗透压、添加剂。在分析上述败育原因和挽救因素的基础上，讨论了未来植物幼胚败育研究的可能方向和挽救技术上仍存在的问题。

Research Progress of Plant Embryo Abortion Mechanism and Its Saving by Culture in Vitro

The research progress of plant embryo abortion published in past years were reviewed in this paper in two aspect, that is, the embryo abortion mechanism and the affecting factor of its saving by culture in vitro. To view from apparatus development, physiological and biochemical indexes and genetics, the causes of embryo abortion including the abnormal developments of gastrula and endosperm, the origin of embryo, maladjustment of nutrient supplement and endogenesis hormone, hydroxybenzene and the variation of some enzymes activity and gene regulation. Due to the diversity of embryo abortion, saving became more difficultly. The facts concerning embryo saving were summarized, which comprised the explants and treatment, embryo age, medium and culture conditions, osmotic pressure, complementary materials. Based on the analysis of above, the possible direction for further researching, the problems and potential prospects of saving technology were discussed.