近10年我国冬油菜区试品种品质及产量性状的演变分析

油菜是我国最重要的食用油料作物。本文综合分析了2000年～2009年10个年度国家冬油菜区域试验参试品种的品质及产量性状。分析表明：2002年是我国油菜品种品质（低芥酸、低硫苷）和产量的转折点，此后双低油菜品种比例在80%以上，产量也逐步提高，到目前基本达到双高品种的产量水平。分析表明双低油菜产量的提高，主要归因于单株结角数和千粒重的增加；此外，双低油菜品种含油量有了较大的突破，尤其是近3年含油量有了显著提高。这表明在我国油菜品种双低化过程中，品质和产量得到了协同发展。目前在双低品质达标的情况下，提高产量和含油量仍是我国油菜育种的主攻目标。

The evolution analysis of quality and yield characters of new rapeseed lines tested in national winter rapeseed regional experiment in recent decade in China

The quality and yield characters of new rapeseed cultivars/lines tested in national winter rapeseed regional trials from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that the turnaround of quality and yield characters of rapeseed cultivars were took place in 2002 and hereafter the ratio of double-low（low erucic acid and low glucosinolate） rapeseed cultivars was increased rapidly and the yield was increased gradually,up to 2007 almost all the varieties were double-low variety and the yield reached the yield levels of double-high（high erucic acid and high glucosinolate） rapeseed cultivars.The yield increasing of double-low rapeseed cultivars was mainly due to increasing of 1000-grains weight and of silique numbers per plant.Furthermore,the oil content was enhanced significantly especially in recent 3 years.These meant the quality and yield of double-low rapeseed cultivars were improved harmoniously in double-lowering of rapeseed cultivar in China.However it is still the main objectives of rapeseed breeding to increase yield and oil content of double-low rapeseed cultivars.