<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species and mycotoxin profiles on commercial maize hybrids in Germany |
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Authors: | Andreas Goertz Sebastian Zuehlke Michael Spiteller Ulrike Steiner Heinz W Dehne Cees Waalwijk Ineke de Vries Erich C Oerke |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Phytomedicine, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany;(2) Institute of Environmental Research, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany;(3) Plant Research International BV, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | High year-to-year variability in the incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin contamination was observed in a two-year survey investigating the impact of maize ear rot in 84 field
samples from Germany. Fusarium verticillioides, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum were the predominant species infecting maize kernels in 2006, whereas in 2007 the most frequently isolated species were F. graminearum, F. cerealis and F. subglutinans. Fourteen Fusarium-related mycotoxins were detected as contaminants of maize kernels analyzed by a multi-mycotoxin determination method. In
2006, a growth season characterized by high temperature and low rainfall during anthesis and early grain filling, 75% of the
maize samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol, 34% with fumonisins and 27% with zearalenone. In 2007, characterized
by moderate temperatures and frequent rainfall during the entire growth season, none of the 40 maize samples had quantifiable
levels of fumonisins while deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were detected in 90% and 93% of the fields, respectively. In addition,
3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxnivalenol, moniliformin, beauvericin, nivalenol and enniatin B were detected as common
contaminants produced in both growing seasons. The results demonstrate a significant mycotoxin contamination associated with
maize ear rots in Germany and indicate, with regard to anticipated climate change, that fumonisins-producing species already
present in German maize production may become more important. |
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