澳门青洲山血桐群落特征及物种多样性研究

根据样方调查,对澳门青洲山血桐（Macaranga tanarius）群落的种类组成、外貌、群落结构特征和物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明：澳门青洲山血桐群落属于南亚热带次生性常绿阔叶林,在700 m2的样地中有维管束植物66种,隶属于39科62属,其中以热带成分占绝对优势。群落优势种为血桐,重要值为119.25,优势科为大戟科、茜草科等。群落终年常绿,成层现象明显,可分为乔木层（2亚层）、灌木层和草本层3个层次,层间植物丰富,3个层次多样性格局基本表现为灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层。对优势种群的年龄结构分析表明,该群落处于增长状态。群落频度分布规律为A级〉B级〉C级〉D级〈E级,与Raunkiaer的L形频度定律曲线相一致。与其他邻近地区进行比较,群落物种丰富度较高。澳门青洲山血桐群落是迄今在澳门发现的保护得最好的血桐群落,因此,建议对青洲山的植被进行适当的保护。

Characteristics and Species Diversity of Macaranga tanarius Community on Ilha Verde Hill of Macau

According to the data of community investigation,the floristic composition,structure characteristics and species diversity of the Macaranga tanarius community on Ilha Verde Hill of Macau were analyzed.The results showed that M.tanarius community belonged to south subtropical secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with 66 species belonging to 60 genera and 38 families in 7 plots of 700 m2.The floristic composition of the community was mainly tropical genera.The single-dominant species in this community was M.tanarius with the important value of 119.25.And the preponderant families were Euphorbiaceae,Rubiaceae and so on.The community can be vertically divided into three layers:tree layer(with 2 sublayers),shrub layer and herb layer.It was evergreen all the year round,and was dominated by the phanerophytes(50%).The order of the magnitude of species diversity was shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer.Based on analyzing the age structure of dominant populations,it was found that the M.tanarius population belonged to the increasing type.The law of frequency distribution of the community was A>B>C>D