哀牢山自然保护区南华分区黑颈长尾雉春季栖息地利用

2004年2~4月,对云南哀牢山自然保护区南华分区黑颈长尾雉Syrmaticus humiae的春季栖息地利用进行了研究。结果表明:①黑颈长尾雉春季栖息地有常绿阔叶林、稀树灌丛林和华山松Pinus armandii;幼林等3种,前两者为其主要的栖息生境类型。②黑颈长尾雉栖息地的主要特征是高海拔,向阳坡,坡度较大,距水源较近,距道路较远;乔木层平均胸径和高度较小,盖度和密度较低,以壳斗科Fagaceae和山茶科Theaceae植物为主;灌木层较高但密度较低,以山茶科和杨柳科Salicaceae植物占优势;草本层密度较大,以堇菜科Violaceae,蔷薇科Rosaceae和菊科Compositae种类为主;枯落物层盖度较低。③草本层和灌木层提供大量食物和优越的隐蔽条件,其作用大于乔木层。草本层密度和灌木层盖度是决定黑颈长尾雉春季栖息地利用的主要因素。表3参20

Habitat use of Syrmaticus humiae in Nanhua Part of Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve in spring

From February to April in 2004,a field survey of spring habitats of Hume's pheasant(Syrmaticus humiae) in Nanhua part of Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve was conducted.The results were as follows:(1) There were three types of spring habitats of Hume's pheasant,i.e. evergreen broadleaf forests,sparse shrubs and young pine plantations.The first two types were main habitats of Hume's pheasant.(2) The main topographical characters of habitats of Hume's pheasant were higher altitudes,eutropic and steeper slopes,shorter distance to water source,and longer distance to road.Main species of arbors included Fagaceae and Theaceae with small average diameter at breast height and lower average height,lower coverage and density.Main species of shrub included Theaceae and Salicaceae with taller height and lower density.Main species of herb included Violaceae,Rosaceae and Compositae with higher density.Coverage of leaf litter was lower.(3) Herbage layer and shrub layer which offered large quantity of food resources and good concealments respectively played more important roles than arbor layer.The density of herbage layer and the coverage of shrub layer were the main factors affecting the habitat use of Hume's pheasant.