西瓜绒毡层细胞退化超微结构研究

为研究西瓜绒毡层退化的结构特点,尤其是绒毡层的退化与花粉发育的关系,用光学和电子显微镜研究了西瓜绒毡层退化过程。结果表明,绒毡层有P-绒毡层细胞和C-绒毡层细胞2种类型,它们一前一后分批死亡。当花药发育到游离小孢子时期,P-绒毡层细胞发生凝缩,呈现退化特征;相反,C-绒毡层细胞则体积增大,直到花粉发育为成熟雄配子体时期才完全退化解体。膨胀的C-绒毡层细胞中,内质网先发生聚集,之后断裂并产生大量内质网小泡;随着内质网小泡内容物增浓,细胞质逐渐变稀;最后,细胞内容物几乎全部变成多糖颗粒和以脂类物质为主的滴状物。细胞解体后,多糖颗粒和脂滴移向花粉粒,其中脂滴黏附在花粉壁表面或镶嵌在外壁空隙中形成花粉鞘。绒毡层细胞以严格程序分批退化,保证了绒毡层向花粉提供养料的延续性,使得绒毡层退化与花粉发育2种相反的过程协同完成。

Ultrastructural study on the tapetal cell degeneration in watermelon

In order to study the structure of tapetal degeneration in watermelon(Citrullus lanatus),especially on the relation-ship between the tapetal degeneration and pollen development,the light and electron microscopes were used.Results showed that tapetum in watermelon contained two groups of cells,P-tapetal and C-tapetal cell types,which degenerated and died at different stages.P-tapetal cells degenerated by shrinking when pollen development was in free microspore stage.However,at the same time,C-tapetal cells b...