棉花抗红铃虫性对产量性状的影响研究

以不同抗性类型的陆地棉抗虫品种(系)和常规棉品种(系)作亲本配制杂交组合,将亲本和F1代杂交种共20个材料在网室、田间进行抗红铃虫鉴定和棉花抗红铃虫性对棉花产量的影响研究,试验表明,具有外源抗虫基因的抗虫棉皮棉产量高,稳产性好,尤其是抗虫杂交棉具有明显的杂种优势。相关分析结果,棉花种子虫害率与皮棉产量、子棉产量、单株成铃数和霜前花率呈极显著负相关;与衣分和僵瓣黄花率成极显著正相关;与单铃重相关性较低。结果表明,利用外源抗虫基因转导的棉花新材料作为杂交亲本,可以培育出丰产高抗棉花害虫的棉花新品种,尤其适合培育抗红铃虫的杂交棉品种。

Effects of Pink Bollworm Resistance on the Cotton Yield Characters

A group of upland cotton varieties (or lines) with different insect resistance backgrounds were crossed with a set of traditionally bred varieties (or lines) to produce hybrids and evaluate their resistibility to pink bollworm. Total of twenty materials including the F 1 hybrids and the parents were tested in cage plots and field. The trial was arranged in accordance to the design of randomly plots and three replications with single line plants in each plot. Insects were released to the cage plots in a density of one imago each square meter at the second day after the plots were covered with nets. Male and female adults in the populations are about 50% each. Cotton resistibility was classified into six grades:immunity(I),high resistance(HR),resistance(R), moderate resistance (MR), sensitivity (S) and high sensitivity (HS), according to the percentages of the damaged seeds, taking a variety Ermian 18 as the control of insect sensitivity. Field test was also taken out to investigate the effects of pink bollworm resistance on the cotton yield, applying a hybrid Erzamian-1 as the check. The trial design was the same as that of the resistance identification except growing of three lines for each participant. The results showed that the transgenic insect-resistant varieties expressed a higher and stable fiber cotton yield, the insect-resistant hybrids had a strong heterosis especially. Correlation analysis revealed that the percentage of damaged seeds was negatively correlated with the yields of fiber cotton and seed cotton, the mature boll number per plant, and the percentage of seed cotton harvested before frosting, but positively correlated with the percentages of lint and rotted seed cotton. The coefficients reached a very significant level statistically. The percentage of damaged seeds also presented a lower positive correlation with the single boll weight. It is concluded that taking the insect-resistant varieties of transgenic cotton as parents could breed new varieties with high yield and strong insect resistibility, and is especially suitable for the creation of hybrids with resistance to pink bollworm.