不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响

研究了不同前作的3个不同时期设施草莓土壤中微生物数量及土壤养分的动态变化,并对不同前作下草莓的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:甜瓜前作使镰刀菌和真菌数量分别提高了22.2%和21.6%,西瓜前作则对土壤速效磷、速效钾和有机质的消耗相对较大。除了大棚闲置处理,所有的轮作模式都会引起细菌与真菌数量比值的显著减小,导致肥力降低。水稻前作不仅显著降低设施土壤的镰刀菌和真菌数量(82.6%和76.0%),其后草莓产量和大果率也都高于其他处理,纯收益比试验中瓜类轮作后的草莓高11.1%。因此,草莓—水稻轮作模式具有最高的综合效益。

Effect of different preceding crops on the dynamics of soil environment and economic benefits of strawberry under protected cultivation

The dynamics of soil microbe and nutrient of strawberry under protected cultivation with different preceding crops were studied at three stages,and the economic benefits were also analyzed.The results showed that the number of Fusarium and fungi in soil were improved by 22.2% and 21.6% respectively with melon preceded,and soil available P,available K and organic matter were consumed more with watermelon preceded.Except the treatment of idle greenhouse,all rotation modes reduced the ratio of B/F significantly,and soil fertility was reduced.Preceding rice not only significantly decreased the number of soil Fusarium and fungi by 82.6% and 76.0% respectively,but also improved strawberry yield and rate of big fruit than other treatments.The net income brought by preceding rice mode was higher than melons rotation mode by 11.1%.Apparently,the strawberry-rice rotation mode can make the topmost comprehensive benefits.