桔园主要害虫选择性药剂的系统筛选及其组合技术效益的研究

取40余种国内外农药,分别对柑桔害螨、蚜虫、蚧类和潜叶蛾等四大类主要害虫,采用多边测定、系统筛选的方法,选出尼索朗、螨死净、倍乐霸、托尔克、克螨特、卡死克、机油乳剂及叶蝉散等一批高效选择性或部分选择性药剂。大田试验结果表明,停用有机磷或有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂,采用选择性药剂组合技术的实验区比常规区全年减少病虫防治费用14.91%—42.14%;同时,害虫天敌明显增加。据不完全统计,1988—1990年浙江桔区选择性药剂和部分选择性药剂的应用面积超过20余万公顷次;仅尼索朗一种药剂的使用面积就近11万公顷次,节约防治费用超过5000万元。研究结果阐明,在桔园内停止或控制使用对生态环境有严重破坏作用的有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂是完全可行的,该项技术具有明显的经济、生态和社会效益。

SYSTEMATIC SCREENING FOR SELECTIVE PESTICIDES AND THE BENIFIT ANALYSES ON DIFFERENT PESTICIDE COMBINATIONS AGAINST MAIN CITRUS PESTS

Multilateral tests and systematic screening were carried out to de-termine the efficacies of more than fourty pesticides against four kindsof citrus pests,namely,the spider mites,aphids,scales and leaf-min-er;a number of selective and partial selective chemicals with high ef-fect on these citrus pests such as nissorun,clofentezine,peropal,tor-que,comite,cascade,lubrication emusion and mipcin had been select-ed.The results of field experiments showed that the control cost peryear of test orchard sprayed with combined selective chemicals was14.91%-42.14% decreased and the natural enemies increased significantly,in comparison with the conventional ones sprayed with organophospho-rus or organophosphorus+pyrethroids.According to incomplete data,the accumulated application acreage of selective and partial selectivepesticides in Zhejiang Citrus Area in 1988-1990 was more than two hun-dred thousand ha(in which,the acreage sprayed with nissorun onlywas nearly 110 thousand ha).It was indicated that to stop or controlthe application of the organophosphorus and organophosphorus+pyre-throids,which are harmful to the ecological environment of citrus or-chard,is certainly feasible.