| 草原土壤：分布、分类与演化 |
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| 引用本文： | 龚子同,张之一,张甘霖. 草原土壤：分布、分类与演化[J]. 土壤, 2009, 41(4): 505-511 |
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| 作者姓名： | 龚子同 张之一 张甘霖 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京,210008
2. 黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆,163319 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目，中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 草原土壤系指草原、湿草原和森林草原植被下形成的富含有机质、盐基饱和度高的暗色土壤.世界上此类土壤面积约900万km2,我国约76万km2,是粮食生产的重要基地.本文比较了国际上草原土壤分类.不论俄罗斯或中国,均腐土开垦以后土壤有机质开始下降迅速,而后减缓,逐步达到与当地生物气候相适应的水平.所以至今仍保持一定厚度的黑土层.在均腐土资源的利用和保护上,一方面应保持其有机质平衡,另一方面更重要的是严防水土流失,以保证其生产能力.
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| 关 键 词： | 草原土壤 分类 演化 粮食安全 |
Grassland soils: Distribution, classification and evolution |
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| GONG Zi-tong,ZHANG Zhi-yi,ZHANG Gan-lin. Grassland soils: Distribution, classification and evolution[J]. Soils, 2009, 41(4): 505-511 |
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| Authors: | GONG Zi-tong ZHANG Zhi-yi ZHANG Gan-lin |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Nanjing 210008, China |
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| Abstract: | Glassland soils are mainly developed under steppe, praire and forest-steppe vegetation. Most of them are Isohumosols based on the diagnostic horizon, Isohumosols are mineral soils that have a mollic epipedon (dark-colored surface horizon), with base saturation determined by NH4OAc method higher than 50 percent and Isohumic property. The total estimated area of Isohumosols is 9 million km2 in the world and 0.76 million km2 in China. As reclamation of Isohumosols the organic matter content decreases quickly at the first stage, and then slow down corresponding with local bio-climate environment. In order to reserve the organic matter in Isohumosols, it is necessary to prevent soil erosion and adopt reasonable cultivation. |
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| Keywords: | Grass land soils Classification Evolution Food security |
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