食品营养信息认知与使用的城乡差距分析——来自微观消费者问卷调查的证据

探究食品营养信息认知与使用城乡差距是识别农村地区食品营养短板的关键,对填补农村地区弱势群体食品营养与安全洼地具有重要意义。基于大样本的消费者问卷调查数据,利用似不相关回归模型和倾向得分匹配法,分析食品营养信息认知和使用的城乡差距,并采用Oaxaca-Blinder法对其进行解构分析,探究其影响因素。结果表明,总体上城乡居民营养信息认知与使用水平均较低,并且城乡之间差距显著,表现为农村居民认知与使用明显弱于城镇居民。在考虑营养信息认知与使用相关性,以及潜在的样本自选择偏误后,营养信息认知与使用城乡差距仍然显著。城乡营养信息认知和使用差距在女性和高收入群体显著,但在男性和低收入群体不显著。营养信息认知和使用城乡差距构成均具有显著的“歧视效应”,占比分别为41.65%和51.05%,食品营养信息与农村居民的契合度较低,信息歧视明显。因此,应重视农村营养信息认知和使用短板,加强农村地区营养信息规范性审查、实施营养信息差异化设置、加强食品营养教育和培训,缩小城乡差距。

The gaps of the awareness and the usage of food nutrition information between urban and rural consumers: Evidence from a survey data of microconsumer questionnaires

Exploring the gaps of the awareness and the usage of food nutrition information between urban and rural consumers is important to identify food nutrition deficiencies in rural areas, and it is of great significance to fill the food nutrition and safety depression of vulnerable groups in rural areas. Based on a large sample of consumer questionnaire data in China and applying the seemingly unrelated regression model and propensity score method, this paper investigated the gaps of the awareness and the usage of food nutrition information between urban and rural consumers and analyzed the influencing factors by the Oaxaca-Blinder method. Results show that, in general, the awareness and the usage of food nutrition information are low with significant difference between urban and rural consumers. After considering the correlation between information awareness and the usage, as well as the potential sample self-selection bias, the gap is still significant. In addition, heterogeneity estimation results show that the urban-rural gap is significant for female and high-income consumers, but not for male and low-income consumers. Furtherly, discrimination effect also exists in the gaps of the awareness and the usage of food nutrition information between urban and rural consumers, accounting for 41.65% and 51.05%, respectively, indicating that the consistency of food nutrition information with rural residents was low, and rural areas faced obvious information discrimination. To reduce the gaps, this paper suggests strengthening normative review of nutrition information in rural areas, implementing differentiated policies, and enhancing food nutrition education and training.